Filipino Government Revenue Reforms

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Questions and Answers

What was Quezon's primary objective in his mission to Washington?

To negotiate for higher taxes.

To secure better independence legislation. (correct)

To seek military aid for the Philippines.

To form alliances with other nations.

What was the outcome of Quezon's mission to Washington after five months?

He was rejected outright.

He returned with the same bill but rebranded. (correct)

He returned with an entirely new bill.

He achieved no significant changes.

How did Quezon's actions impact the June 1934 legislative elections?

He crushed his rivals and secured leadership. (correct)

The elections were postponed.

He lost significant support.

He faced political exile.

What motivated the people’s anger towards Quezon prior to his mission?

Their denial of independence. Signup and view all the answers

What did Quezon’s leadership become assured of in the decade following the independence battles?

He would play a crucial role in independence. Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary consequence of the government revenue allocation during the colonial period in the Philippines?

Support for Filipino elite at the expense of the masses Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the libel case against El Renacimiento?

It resulted in the closure of a significant nationalist publication Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked a significant turning point for the Aglipayan Church after the 1906 decision by the Philippine Supreme Court?

The legal transfer of churches to the Roman Catholic Church Signup and view all the answers

What did colonial American ideology emphasize regarding market intervention?

Minimal government intervention to allow market forces to operate Signup and view all the answers

What did Vicente Sotto's editorial in The Independent advocate regarding Church property?

Confiscation of large priest residences for public use Signup and view all the answers

How did world market cereal prices impact the food crisis of the early 1920s?

They caused the food crisis to resolve itself Signup and view all the answers

Which group primarily benefited from the lucrative government appointments during the colonial period?

Educated children of the Filipino elite Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of food and rent speculators' actions on the masses?

Increased prices leading to greater suffering Signup and view all the answers

What was the public perception of the mosquito population in the past compared to now?

Mosquitoes were once rare like the dodo. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the Manila press to the law allowing legislators to carry firearms?

They expressed outrage over the decision. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main theme of the commentary on the returning student in 1929?

The student's feeling of superiority upon returning home. Signup and view all the answers

How did the students returning home after their education typically feel?

Proud and confident in their achievements. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the legislators' motivations for passing the firearms law?

It was aimed at asserting their authority and respect. Signup and view all the answers

What nearly always accompanied the returning student during their homecoming?

An air of sophistication and urbanity. Signup and view all the answers

How did the public react to the constabulary's urging for restrictions on the carrying of arms?

They ignored the constabulary's urging. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the original landowners from whom the church acquired its land in the mid-19th century?

Alejandro Roces Signup and view all the answers

What was the condition of public health in Manila during the late 19th century?

Grossly inadequate and leading to widespread illness Signup and view all the answers

What disease was NOT mentioned as being controlled by the Board of Health during the American occupation?

Typhoid fever Signup and view all the answers

What method was employed by the Board of Health to eliminate mosquito breeding grounds?

Filling standing water holes Signup and view all the answers

What pivotal change occurred under Governor-General Francis B Harrison regarding health administration?

The Board of Health was turned over to Filipino civil servants Signup and view all the answers

How did the Board of Health's effectiveness change by 1920?

Became less efficient and slipped in quality Signup and view all the answers

What was the death toll during the cholera epidemic in 1902-04?

4,386 Signup and view all the answers

What was the ironic statement made by the Philippines Free Press editorial regarding Manila's governance?

Newly developed Garden of Eden. Signup and view all the answers

What was depicted in the prewar cartoons of 1907-08 regarding the character associated with the U.S.?

A satanic monster Signup and view all the answers

Who illustrated the cartoon titled 'The Loyalty of the Filipinos'?

Fernando Amorsolo Signup and view all the answers

What significant political action did Sergio Osmeña take during World War I?

He suspended the independence campaign. Signup and view all the answers

What total amount did Osmeña's loyalty drive reportedly generate from U.S. war bond sales?

$20 million Signup and view all the answers

What was the Hare-Hawes-Cutting independence bill controversy primarily about?

Philippine independence Signup and view all the answers

Which leader was primarily responsible for opposing the Hare-Hawes-Cutting bill and seeking to maintain leadership?

Senator Quezon Signup and view all the answers

What action did Quezon take against the University of the Philippines when they supported Osmeña?

He slashed its budget by one third. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Philippine Legislature's vote on the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill in October 1933?

The bill was rejected. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Government Revenue and Public Housing

Fundamental reform demanded allocation of government revenue towards public housing construction.
Governor Harrison neglected the needs of the masses, favoring the Filipino elite with government funding.
Government taxes, collected from all citizens, benefited the elite, securing appointments for their educated offspring.

Infrastructure and Economic Impact

Infrastructure development primarily served planters and merchants, not the general population.
Public education was the only significant government service accessible to the masses.
Colonial American ideology promoted a free market, which allowed food and rent speculators to exacerbate mass suffering.
The world market cereal prices crash in the early 1920s unintentionally resolved a severe food crisis.

Libel Case and The Media

The "New Bird of Prey" cartoon references the notable libel case of 1908 involving Dean C. Worcester.
Worcester sued the nationalist newspaper El Renacimiento over an editorial that condemned his exploitation of power.
The libel case resulted in a hefty judgment that led to the newspaper's closure.

Nationalism and Church Property Issues

Vicente Sotto criticized the Catholic Church's substantial property holdings, urging the government to reclaim church residences.
The 1906 Supreme Court ruling favored the Catholic Church, dismissing Aglipayan claims to parish churches occupied post-revolution.
Nationalist sentiments were fueled by this ruling, which contributed to the decline of the Aglipayan Church.

Public Health and Mosquito Control

Manila, plagued by malaria due to inadequate Spanish public health measures, became a focus for American health reforms post-1898.
The Board of Health undertook measures to control diseases like malaria, smallpox, and cholera, achieving significant improvements.
By 1911, cholera outbreaks had been eradicated; however, by 1920, mosquito control measures began to decline under local management.

Firearms Legislation and Political Dynamics

The Philippine Assembly permitted all legislators to carry firearms, inciting public outrage.
Despite opposition, the law passed, reflecting legislators' desire to assert authority and gain respect through intimidation.

Returning Students and Cultural Impact

The post-graduation return of students to their villages became a celebrated ritual, symbolizing social mobility and respect.
Graduates were viewed as symbols of success and change, transitioning from rural villages to urban centers.

Political Rivalries and Independence Bills

The Hare-Hawes-Cutting independence bill created political strife among Philippine leaders in 1933.
Senator Quezon opposed the bill due to fears of losing leadership to rivals Osmeña and Roxas.
Quezon's administration engaged in political maneuvering, budget cuts, and media control to suppress dissent.

Quezon’s Leadership and Independence Goals

After rejecting the initial independence bill, Quezon aimed to present a revised proposal to gain public support.
His eventual success in advancing a similar bill solidified his leadership position in Philippine politics for the upcoming elections.

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Description

This quiz explores the implications of government revenue allocation in the Philippines, focusing on public housing construction and the impact on the Filipino elite versus the masses. It examines the favoritism in government appointments and the effects of infrastructure development on different socio-economic classes.