Questions and Answers
What characteristic highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships in Filipino culture?
Which trait indicates a preference for family interests over community interests?
What is a key outcome of strong family influence on individual behavior in the Filipino context?
How are community activities generally centered in Filipino culture?
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What does Dr. Emerita Quito suggest about the Filipino traits and values?
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What is primarily needed to channel Filipino values towards a positive outcome?
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Which aspect of human nature reflects its inherent goodness?
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What does the term 'moral character' encompass?
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What role do elders play in developing practical wisdom?
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How is moral development best described?
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What are the 'four beginnings' in the context of moral development?
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Why is practical wisdom difficult to attain at first?
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What describes a characteristic of moral character traits?
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Which heart leads to the virtue of YI?
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What does Jen primarily focus on in moral development?
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Which stage of Kohlberg's moral reasoning involves obedience to rules to avoid punishment?
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What is a key characteristic of the Naively Egotistical stage in Kohlberg's model?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a beginning of moral development according to the four beginnings?
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What is the primary outcome of practicing Jen, Yi, and Li?
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Which statement best describes Kohlberg's approach to studying morality?
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In which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning do children typically operate at a very young age?
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What motivates a person in the lowest level of moral development?
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What is a key characteristic of the 'Good Boy - Good Girl' orientation?
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Which statement best represents the beliefs of individuals in the Law and Social Order stage?
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How does a person at the Legalistic Social Contract stage view minority rights?
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What distinguishes the Universal Ethical Principles stage from the previous stages?
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What is a common misconception about the motivations of individuals in the self-absorbed category?
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At which stage is there a belief that the end justifies the means?
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What motivates individuals in the Post-conventional morality level?
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What is a negative consequence of having the trait HIYA?
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How does PAKIKISAMA positively impact social relations?
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What is a drawback of the trait PATIGASAN?
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What does BAHALA NA imply in terms of personal values?
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In what way does KASI serve as a negative trait?
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Which of the following describes a positive aspect of SAVING FACE?
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What is a potential negative effect of SAKOP?
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How might the MAÑANA HABIT be viewed positively?
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What does UTANG NA LOOB largely overlook?
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Which Filipino trait is associated with procrastination?
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What does the trait KASI primarily encourage?
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Which trait contributes to peace of mind due to avoiding conflicts?
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What results from the trait of SAKOP, regarding family dynamics?
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Which value often leads to individuals putting off important tasks?
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Study Notes
Filipino General Character Traits
- Personalistic Nature: Emphasizes interpersonal relationships, effective problem-solving through personal connections, and good leadership requires a personal touch.
Familialistic Orientation
- Family welfare supersedes individual interests, guiding community activities and decisions. Family honor is prioritized over personal mistakes.
Particularistic Values
- Upholds strong familial influence where individuals prioritize family interests. Social acceptance and pleasing peers are highly valued; skills in entertaining others are important.
Ambivalence of Filipino Traits
- Filipino values exhibit both positive and negative aspects that can support or hinder personal and national development.
HIYA (Shame)
- Can instill a sense of morality, but may lead to meekness and timidity, making individuals feel weak.
NINGAS-COGON (Procrastination)
- Reflects a tendency to start projects with enthusiasm but lacking persistence and follow-through.
PAKIKISAMA (Group Loyalty)
- Contributes to peaceful interactions and avoidance of conflicts, fostering social harmony.
PATIGASAN (Test of Strength)
- Characterized by stubbornness, hindering reconciliation efforts and fostering childish and irresponsible behavior.
BAHALA NA (Resignation)
- Indicates reliance on a higher power, which can promote humility and modesty but may also reflect a lack of initiative.
KASI (Scapegoating)
- Provides excuses for failures and allows individuals to avoid accountability, distorting personal responsibility.
SAVING FACE
- Enables avoidance of responsibility, facilitating graceful exits from guilt, preserving one's dignity.
SAKOP (Inclusion)
- While promoting family and clan bonding, it may stunt personal growth and foster dependency.
MAÑANA HABIT (Procrastination)
- Involves habitual deferral of tasks, leading to a relaxed view on responsibilities.
UTANG NA LOOB (Indebtedness)
- Often overrides moral principles, allowing individuals to overlook misdeeds of those they owe.
KANYA-KANYA (Self-Centeredness)
- Focuses on personal interests at the expense of collective well-being, leading to a lack of community spirit.
Moral Development
- Rooted in the understanding of moral character as the existence of virtues such as integrity, courage, and loyalty.
Four Beginnings of Human Personality
- Heart of Compassion (Jen): Leads to goodwill and empathy.
- Heart of Righteousness (Yi): Motivates respect for duties and human relationships.
- Heart of Propriety (Li): Concerns etiquette, customs, and social rituals.
- Heart of Wisdom (Zhi): Culminates in wisdom that arises from practicing compassion, righteousness, and propriety.
Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory
- Developed using moral dilemmas to assess reasoning, leading to six stages organized into three levels.
Pre-Conventional Morality (0-9 years)
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment: Moral understanding is based on avoiding punishment; rules are seen as absolute.
- Stage 2: Naively Egotistical: Actions are judged by individual perspective with an emphasis on personal gain.
Conventional Morality (10-15 years)
- Stage 3: Good Boy - Good Girl: Focuses on social approval and conformity, with an understanding of the importance of intention.
- Stage 4: Law and Social Order: Moral judgments consider societal rules; emphasizes duty and respect for authority.
Post-Conventional Morality (16+ years)
- Stage 5: Legalistic Social Contract: Emphasizes collective well-being and protects minority rights while considering legal reform.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles: Guided by internal ethical principles that may conflict with laws, emphasizing justice and moral reasoning.
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Description
Explore the distinctive character traits of Filipinos in Chapter 4. This quiz delves into the personalistic and familialistic aspects that define Filipino individuals and their social interactions. Test your knowledge on how these traits influence leadership and group dynamics in Filipino culture.
