Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of doses of acetaminophen (APAP) recommended per day?
What is the maximum number of doses of acetaminophen (APAP) recommended per day?
- 5 doses (correct)
- 6 doses
- 4 doses
- 3 doses
Ibuprofen can be given to children under 3 months of age.
Ibuprofen can be given to children under 3 months of age.
False (B)
What additional fluid intake is recommended per hour for children with fever?
What additional fluid intake is recommended per hour for children with fever?
30-60 ml
Children with a temperature of _____ or higher should be monitored closely for fever.
Children with a temperature of _____ or higher should be monitored closely for fever.
Which of the following is NOT a reason to seek medical care for a child with fever?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to seek medical care for a child with fever?
Match the following treatments with their appropriate details:
Match the following treatments with their appropriate details:
It is recommended to sponge a child with fever using cold water.
It is recommended to sponge a child with fever using cold water.
What is a sign that requires medical evaluation if associated with (non)fever?
What is a sign that requires medical evaluation if associated with (non)fever?
Which age group should use caution if they have a fever of 100.4 F or higher?
Which age group should use caution if they have a fever of 100.4 F or higher?
What is the recommended dosage of ibuprofen for children?
What is the recommended dosage of ibuprofen for children?
What should be done if a fever increases during treatment?
What should be done if a fever increases during treatment?
In cases where children refuse to drink fluids and exhibit fever, what is the recommended action?
In cases where children refuse to drink fluids and exhibit fever, what is the recommended action?
What is the maximum number of ibuprofen doses allowed per day?
What is the maximum number of ibuprofen doses allowed per day?
Which of the following is a nonpharmacologic method for managing fever?
Which of the following is a nonpharmacologic method for managing fever?
What is considered a severe symptom of infection that requires medical evaluation in a child with a fever?
What is considered a severe symptom of infection that requires medical evaluation in a child with a fever?
What is the purpose of recommending self-care products for fever management?
What is the purpose of recommending self-care products for fever management?
Flashcards
Fever in children under 3 months
Fever in children under 3 months
A fever in children under 3 months of age that reaches 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.
Fever in children over 3 months
Fever in children over 3 months
A fever in children over 3 months of age that reaches 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.
Persistent fever
Persistent fever
Fever lasting longer than 72 hours or experiencing a rise in temperature during treatment.
Fever with rash
Fever with rash
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Signs of dehydration
Signs of dehydration
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Acetaminophen (APAP)
Acetaminophen (APAP)
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Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen
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Fluid management for fever
Fluid management for fever
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Acetaminophen for fever in children
Acetaminophen for fever in children
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Ibuprofen for fever in children
Ibuprofen for fever in children
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Study Notes
Fever and Headaches
- Fever Relief: Goal is to relieve discomfort. If a referral is needed, self-care options can be provided in the meantime. Ensure the patient sees or calls a doctor.
- APAP Dose: 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours. Do not exceed 5 doses.
- Ibuprofen Dose: 5-10 mg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours. Maximum 4 doses per day. Ibuprofen may be more effective than APAP with a slightly longer duration of action.
- Non-pharmacological Fever Treatment: Adequate fluids (30-60 ml/hour for children, 60-120 ml/hour for adults). Tepid water sponging, lightweight clothing, and comfortable room temperature.
Self-Care Exclusions for Fever
- Exclusion Criteria (Children < 3 Months): Fever ≥ 100.4°F.
- Exclusion Criteria (Children > 3 Months): Fever ≥ 104°F.
- Exclusion Criteria (Children < 2 Years): Fever lasting > 24 hours.
- Exclusion Criteria: Febrile seizures, severe infection symptoms, treatment duration > 72 hours or fever increase during treatment, rash, refusal to drink, vomiting, diarrhea, sleepiness, impaired oxygen utilization.
Thermometers
- Types: Rectal, Oral, Axillary, Tympanic, Temporal, No-Touch.
Tympanic Thermometers
- Use a clean disposable cover on the ear probe.
- Children under 1 year: pull ear back to straighten ear canal, aim tip toward the eye.
- Children over 1 year: pull ear back and up, aim tip toward the eye.
- Press button for measurement (typically 1-5 seconds).
Alternating Therapy for Fever
- Conflicting Studies: Multiple studies show mixed results regarding alternating therapy for fever.
- Large Study Results: One large study (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160:197-202) involved 480 children aged 6-36 months. Alternating treatment showed greatest temperature reduction on day 1 and 3, less absenteeism from daycare, and reduced total dosage compared to APAP or ibuprofen alone.
Headaches
- Episodic Headaches: Respond well to over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
- Chronic Headaches: Limit OTC use to prevent medication overuse. Limit use to less than 3 days per week.
- Migraine Diagnosis: Medical diagnosis needed before recommending self-care for migraines. Also, a diagnosis is required before recommending self-care for chronic headaches, especially those occurring 2 or more times per week.
- Headache Treatment: NSAIDs are an option for mild or moderate migraine pain at onset.
Headache Exclusions
- Severe Head Pain: Persisting for 10 days (with or without treatment) requires medical attention.
- Headache Pattern Change: Any changes requiring medical attention.
- Pregnancy Considerations: Avoid medicines during the last trimester of pregnancy.
- Infections: High fever, signs of infections.
- Other Concerns/Triggers: Vomiting, stiff neck, liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, seizure, cognitive impairment, or migraine symptoms.
Combination Products
- Ingredient Variations: Combination products include various ingredients (antihistamines, caffeine, decongestants). Carefully examine labels. There may be differing efficacy depending on the ingredients and tests performed.
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