Fever and Headaches Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum number of doses of acetaminophen (APAP) recommended per day?

5 doses (correct)

6 doses

4 doses

3 doses

Ibuprofen can be given to children under 3 months of age.

False

What additional fluid intake is recommended per hour for children with fever?

30-60 ml

Children with a temperature of _____ or higher should be monitored closely for fever.

104 F Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to seek medical care for a child with fever?

Child refuses to drink fluids Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their appropriate details:

APAP = 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours, max 5 doses Ibuprofen = 5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours, max 4 doses Nonpharmacologic therapy = Body sponging with tepid water Fluid recommendation = Extra 30-60 ml per hour Signup and view all the answers

It is recommended to sponge a child with fever using cold water.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign that requires medical evaluation if associated with (non)fever?

Spots or rash Signup and view all the answers

Which age group should use caution if they have a fever of 100.4 F or higher?

Children < 3 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of ibuprofen for children?

5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a fever increases during treatment?

Seek medical advice for further evaluation Signup and view all the answers

In cases where children refuse to drink fluids and exhibit fever, what is the recommended action?

Consider intravenous fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of ibuprofen doses allowed per day?

4 doses per day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nonpharmacologic method for managing fever?

Body sponging with tepid water Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a severe symptom of infection that requires medical evaluation in a child with a fever?

Spotting or rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recommending self-care products for fever management?

To provide temporary relief until medical advice is sought Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fever and Headaches

Fever Relief: Goal is to relieve discomfort. If a referral is needed, self-care options can be provided in the meantime. Ensure the patient sees or calls a doctor.
APAP Dose: 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours. Do not exceed 5 doses.
Ibuprofen Dose: 5-10 mg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours. Maximum 4 doses per day. Ibuprofen may be more effective than APAP with a slightly longer duration of action.
Non-pharmacological Fever Treatment: Adequate fluids (30-60 ml/hour for children, 60-120 ml/hour for adults). Tepid water sponging, lightweight clothing, and comfortable room temperature.

Self-Care Exclusions for Fever

Exclusion Criteria (Children < 3 Months): Fever ≥ 100.4°F.
Exclusion Criteria (Children > 3 Months): Fever ≥ 104°F.
Exclusion Criteria (Children < 2 Years): Fever lasting > 24 hours.
Exclusion Criteria: Febrile seizures, severe infection symptoms, treatment duration > 72 hours or fever increase during treatment, rash, refusal to drink, vomiting, diarrhea, sleepiness, impaired oxygen utilization.

Thermometers

Types: Rectal, Oral, Axillary, Tympanic, Temporal, No-Touch.

Tympanic Thermometers

Use a clean disposable cover on the ear probe.
Children under 1 year: pull ear back to straighten ear canal, aim tip toward the eye.
Children over 1 year: pull ear back and up, aim tip toward the eye.
Press button for measurement (typically 1-5 seconds).

Alternating Therapy for Fever

Conflicting Studies: Multiple studies show mixed results regarding alternating therapy for fever.
Large Study Results: One large study (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160:197-202) involved 480 children aged 6-36 months. Alternating treatment showed greatest temperature reduction on day 1 and 3, less absenteeism from daycare, and reduced total dosage compared to APAP or ibuprofen alone.

Headaches

Episodic Headaches: Respond well to over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
Chronic Headaches: Limit OTC use to prevent medication overuse. Limit use to less than 3 days per week.
Migraine Diagnosis: Medical diagnosis needed before recommending self-care for migraines. Also, a diagnosis is required before recommending self-care for chronic headaches, especially those occurring 2 or more times per week.
Headache Treatment: NSAIDs are an option for mild or moderate migraine pain at onset.

Headache Exclusions

Severe Head Pain: Persisting for 10 days (with or without treatment) requires medical attention.
Headache Pattern Change: Any changes requiring medical attention.
Pregnancy Considerations: Avoid medicines during the last trimester of pregnancy.
Infections: High fever, signs of infections.
Other Concerns/Triggers: Vomiting, stiff neck, liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, seizure, cognitive impairment, or migraine symptoms.

Combination Products

Ingredient Variations: Combination products include various ingredients (antihistamines, caffeine, decongestants). Carefully examine labels. There may be differing efficacy depending on the ingredients and tests performed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on fever and headache management with this quiz. Learn about dosages, self-care methods, and when to seek medical attention. This quiz covers crucial information about treating fevers and understanding their impact on health.