Fetal Lifespan and Development Review

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the yolk sac during fetal development?

Providing oxygen to the fetus

Providing nutrition and gas exchange (correct)

Facilitating fetal movement

Storing genetic material

At what gestational weeks does surfactant production occur in the fetus?

Weeks 16-20

Weeks 31-34

Weeks 11-14

Weeks 23-26 (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for birth defects?

Chronic high blood pressure (correct)

Exposure to teratogens

Infections like rubella

Radiation

Which developmental change occurs in the fetal cardiovascular system at week 6?

The heart starts to pump blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of a threatened spontaneous abortion?

Cramping/bleeding occurs but the cervix remains closed Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for developing thrombophilia that is inherited?

1st degree family member with Factor V Leiden Signup and view all the answers

At what weeks are the kidneys considered fully formed in the fetus?

Weeks 31-34 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage risk of maternal cardiac events during pregnancy is associated with women suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension?

40%-100% Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities?

Fetal chromosomal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool is crucial for checking gestational viability and fetal heartbeat in case of a suspected spontaneous abortion?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is classified as a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

Amenorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is consistent with a molar pregnancy?

Unexpectedly high hCG levels greater than 100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common modifiable risk factor for placental abruption?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention should be prioritized for a client experiencing acute placental abruption with hemorrhage?

Start IV and monitor vital signs Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical indicator of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy?

Tachycardia and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of education for a client following surgery for a complete molar pregnancy?

Potential complications and contraception during treatment phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for fetal heart rate during pregnancy?

110-160 bpm Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome for a glucose challenge screening?

Expected range is < 140 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Leopold Maneuvers?

To determine the positioning of the fetus in the uterus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for pregnancy complications?

Age Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining uterine health and preventing contractions during pregnancy?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What does the letter 'T' in the GTPAL acronym stand for?

Term births Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to perform fetal kick counting?

Count over 2-3 hours at a consistent time each day, expecting more than 10 kicks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a nonstress test (NST) during pregnancy?

To assess fetal well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms might indicate preterm labor?

Belly tightening Signup and view all the answers

What does Naegele's Rule help to determine?

Estimated date of birth Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?

Multiple gestation pregnancies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cardiovascular change during pregnancy?

Maternal heart rate increases by 20% above baseline Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommendation for alcohol use during pregnancy?

No alcohol use is best Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the case of a marginal placenta previa?

The placenta is obstructing the cervix Signup and view all the answers

What signifies true labor?

Contractions increasing in intensity and leakage of fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which maternal age is considered a risk factor for the development of high blood pressure during pregnancy?

Over 35 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason magnesium sulfate is administered for patients with HELLP syndrome?

Seizure prophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a primary cause of oligohydramnios?

Chronic uteroplacental ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates pregestational type 1 diabetes from gestational diabetes mellitus in terms of risk factors?

Gestational diabetes is influenced by BMI and family history. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an expected change in a pregnant client with eclampsia?

Unexpected placental implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical manifestation of HELLP syndrome?

Severe manifestation of preeclampsia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes client health promotion recommendations for gestational hypertension?

High sugar foods should be consumed in moderation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of hyperemesis gravidarum?

Elevated hCG from molar or multiple gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation for women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus regarding their laboratory testing?

Hemoglobin A1C should be monitored every 2 months during pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fetal Lifespan Review

DNA determines fetal sex
Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste from fetus to placenta
Yolk sac provides nutrition and gas exchange to the embryo
Teratogens, medications, chemicals, radiation, cannabis, and certain infections (e.g., rubella) are risk factors for birth defects
Breathing movements are evident by weeks 11-14
Surfactant production occurs between weeks 23-26
Lungs fully develop between weeks 38-40
Fetal heart develops and begins pumping blood by week 6
Kidneys fully develop between weeks 31-34
Testes descend into the scrotum by week 6

Fetal Development Review

Musculoskeletal system: Muscles fully developed by weeks 35-37, bones fully developed by week 37
Contraindications for medication abortion include IUDs, ectopic pregnancies, anticoagulant therapy, and hemodynamic instability
Potential contraindications of pregnancy include severe kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pregnancy-related maternal cardiac events
Risk factors for spontaneous abortion include: complete abortion, incomplete abortion, inevitable abortion, threatened abortion, and missed abortion
Findings consistent with an infant born at 32 weeks include developmental stage details.

Uncomplicated/Healthy Pregnancy Review

Presumptive (suspected) signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, breast tenderness, and fatigue
Normal body changes in the 3rd trimester include hemorrhoids, swollen feet, insomnia, belly tightening, and bleeding (which could signal preterm labor)
Fetal ultrasound: Client should have a full bladder
Leopold maneuvers are performed to determine fetal position in the uterus
Fetal kick counts should be greater than 10 over 2-3 hours
Third trimester normal and abnormal findings include hemorrhoids, swollen feet, insomnia, belly tightening, and bleeding

Pregnancy Hormones Review

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Used to confirm pregnancy
Progesterone: Establishes placenta, maintains uterine health
Estrogen: Promotes blood vessel growth, maintains uterine lining, beneficial for fetal organ development
Prolactin: Stimulates breast development and milk production

Pregnancy Tests and Findings Review

Normal fetal heart rate is 110-160 bpm
Probable signs of pregnancy include a positive pregnancy test, ballottement, softening of the cervix and uterus, and bluish discoloration
Naegele's Rule is used to estimate the due date
First-trimester urinalysis may show small amounts of protein, which is typically normal
Manifestations of true labor include contractions that become stronger and more frequent, leakage of fluid from the vagina, and blood-tinged vaginal mucus
Glucose challenge screening involves consuming a glucose drink and measuring blood sugar levels. Normal expected ranges noted are less than or equal to 140.

High-Risk Pregnancy Review

Risk factors for complications in pregnancy are noted
Nurses' roles in high-risk pregnancies involve communication between the nurse, provider, client, and support persons, optimal care for the client and fetus
Recommendations include avoiding alcohol and drugs
Education for a client with a complete molar pregnancy includes ongoing monitoring of future pregnancies

Complications in Pregnancy Review

Spontaneous abortion types include threatened, complete, incomplete, inevitable, missed, and septic abortions
Ectopic pregnancy risk factors include conditions affecting fallopian tubes, age over 35, endometriosis, and PID
Marginal placenta previa: The placenta is implanted near the cervix, but does not completely cover it
Risk factors contributing to thrombophilia may include inherited and acquired risks (SLE or other autoimmune diseases)

Additional Pregnancy Review

Risk factors for molar pregnancies include age (under 15 or over 35), previous molar pregnancy history, infertility, and abortion history
Risk factors for ruptured ectopic pregnancy include tachycardia and hypotension.
Risk factors for placental abruption include polyhydramnios, smoking, cocaine use, and age >35.
Spontaneous abortion, including many pregnancy-related risks/complications
Findings include both viability and fetal heartbeat
Manifestations of placenta previa involve light, chronic, intermittent bleeding

Specific Disorders Review

Preeclampsia with severe features: Detailed review of causes, manifestations (HELLP syndrome), and treatment (magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis)
Gestational hypertension: Client health promotion strategies including refraining from smoking and alcohol, focusing on appropriate weight gain, and limiting caffeine
Oligohydramnios: Chronic uteroplacental ischemia as a contributing cause
Hyperthyroidism: Autoimmune responses including Grave's disease, thyroiditis, and goiter
Type 1 (pre-gestational) diabetes vs gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and risk factors including genetic predisposition, BMI over 25, family history of GDM, and previous history of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant or higher than or equal to 4.08 kilograms
Hyperemesis gravidarum: Dehydration manifestations include furrowed tongue, dry skin, dizziness, darkened/strong-smelling urine, headaches, rapid heart rate, and confusion
Cervical insufficiency: Emotional support, preparing for possible cerclage placement
Planned prenatal testing includes nonstress testing (NST) and increased provider visits for monitoring and diagnostics
Management of spontaneous abortion includes using misoprostol in order to evacuate products of conception.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on key aspects of fetal lifespan and development. This quiz covers essential information about fetal anatomy, development milestones, and factors influencing fetal growth. Suitable for students studying human development or medical fields.