Maternal, Newborn, and Women's Health Test #2 Study Guide PDF

**[Maternal, Newborn, and Women's Health Test \#2 V1 Study Guide ]** **Please note that this guide is meant to help but it is not all inclusive. Some items are not able to be prompted because they are evaluating critical thinking. You will need to review the PPTs and read your online text to have a...

**[Maternal, Newborn, and Women's Health Test \#2 V1 Study Guide ]** **Please note that this guide is meant to help but it is not all inclusive. Some items are not able to be prompted because they are evaluating critical thinking. You will need to review the PPTs and read your online text to have all the information needed for the exam.** **Unit 3 Fetal Lifespan** 1. **Review what is responsible for determining the biological sex in a fetus.** - 2. **Review structures of fetal circulation focusing on the umbilical cord.** - - 3. **Review the anatomy and physiology of embryonic nutrition.** Yolk sac is responsible for providing nutrition and gas exchange. 4. **Review the risk factors for birth defects.** Exposure to teratogens Certain medications Chemicals Radiation Cannabis and illicit drugs Alcohol Infections (Ex: rubella) 5. **Review fetal respiratory system development.** Weeks 11-14, breathing movements are evident Week 23-26, surfactant is produced Lungs are not fully developed until 38-40 weeks 6. **Review fetal cardiovascular system development.** Week 6, heart is developed and pumping blood 7. **Review fetal genitourinary system development.** Weeks 31-34, kidneys are fully formed Week 6, testes descend into the scrotum 8. Review findings of an infant born to term. 9. Review fetal musculoskeletal system development. 35-37 weeks, muscles fully developed Week 37, bones fully developed 10. **Review contraindications for a medication abortion.** - 11. **Review potential contraindications of pregnancy.** **Certain medical conditions:** Severe kidney disease Chronic kidney disease- may experience a loss of renal function Cardiovascular disease Pulmonary arterial hypertension 40%-100% for a maternal cardiac event during pregnancy 12. **Review risk factors for a spontaneous abortion.** Spontaneous Abortion Complete- cramping/bleeding Incomplete- some conception products remain Inevitable- no passage of pregnancy yet, expected Threatened- cramping/bleeding, cervix remains closed Missed- embryo/fetus have no sign of life 13. **Review findings consistent with an infant born at 32 weeks.** **Unit 3 Uncomplicated/Healthy Pregnancy** 14. **Review presumptive (suspected) signs of pregnancy.** **Presumptive signs (suspected)** Felt by client Amenorrhea Breast tenderness Fatigue 15. **Review normal and abnormal body changes during the 3^rd^ trimester of pregnancy.** Hemorrhoids Swollen feet Insomnia Belly tightening Bleeding is a manifestation of preterm labor 16. **Review client education regarding a fetal anatomy ultrasound.** **Fetal anatomy ultrasound** ** Full bladder** 17. **Review the reason for a provider performing Leopold Maneuvers.** Leopold Maneuvers first to determine positioning of fetus in uterus 18. **Review fetal kick counting.** **Kick counts-** count over 2-3 hours at the same time every day. Should be \> 10 19. **Review normal and abnormal findings in the 3^rd^ trimester of pregnancy.** Hemorrhoids Swollen feet Insomnia Belly tightening Bleeding is a manifestation of preterm labor (Same question as number 15) 20. **Review cardiovascular changes during pregnancy.** Maternal heart rate 20% above baseline 21. **Review respiratory changes during pregnancy.** **Lightening occurs near end of pregnancy** decreasing pressure on the diaphragm resulting in ease of maternal respiratory effort 22. **Review hormones that are active during pregnancy.** **Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)**: Used to confirm pregnancy and is produced by the corpus luteum. HCG rises quickly very early in pregnancy until placenta function takes over. ** Progesterone:** Establishes placenta, maintains health of uterine wall, supports blood vessel growth, prevents uterine contractions. ** Estrogen:** Promotes blood vessel growth, maintains uterine lining, and aids in fetal organ development. ** Prolactin:** Stimulates breast growth and breastmilk production. 23. **Review the range for normal fetal heart rate.** **Normal fetal heart rate** = 110-160 bpm 24. **Review probable signs of pregnancy.** **Probable signs** Positive pregnancy test Ballottement Softening of uterus and cervix Blue discoloration 25. **Review Naegele's Rule and how to determine estimated date of birth.** ** Naegele's Rule** = take the first day of last menstrual period, subtract 3 months and add 7 days 26. **Review laboratory tests during the first trimester of pregnancy.** ** Urinalysis** May show small amount of protein = normal 27. **Review the manifestations of true labor.** **Manifestations of true labor** Contractions increasing in intensity Leakage of fluid from vagina Blood-tinged vaginal mucus 28. **Review the glucose challenge screening.** ** Glucose challenge** NPO after ingesting glucose drink Rakes about 1 hour 1 lab drawn Expected range \< 140 **Unit 3 High-Risk Pregnancy** 29. **Review risks for complications during pregnancy.** 30. **Review the nurse's role during prenatal care in a high-risk pregnancy.** **Caring for the client and fetus** Optimal care involves communication between the nurse, provider, client, and support persons 31. **Review recommendations for alcohol use during pregnancy.** **Use of alcohol or drugs** No alcohol or drugs during pregnancy for best outcomes 32. **Review prenatal education regarding tests performed.** Prenatal Testing- Client is allowed to choose which tests to perform 33. **Review the GTPAL, knowing what each letter stands for.** **G=Gravida** **T=Term Births** **P=Preterm births** **A= Abortions** **L= Living children** 34. Review risk factors for high blood pressure during pregnancy. ** Age** Maternal age \> 35 = risk for developing high blood pressure during pregnancy 35. Review the reason for a nonstress test and what the expected outcome is. ** Nonstress test (NST)** Noninvasive method to assess fetal well-being through external fetal monitoring Expectation is increases in fetal heart rate of 15/min for at least 15 seconds 36. **Review the alpha-fetoprotein test (AFP) test.** A blood test performed during pregnancy to identify the fetus' risk of birth defects. 37. **Review risk factors for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).** Amniotic fluid infection Polyhydramnios (increased amniotic fluid) Overdistended uterus (multiple gestation pregnancies) 38. **Review nonmodifiable risk factors for pregnancy complications.** ** Nonmodifiable** Age Genetics Race Presence of chronic illnesses **Unit 3 Complications of Pregnancy: Hemorrhagic Disorders** 39. **Review the different types of spontaneous abortion.** - - - - - - 40. **Review risk factors for complications during an ectopic pregnancy.** Conditions that affect fallopian tubes Age \>35, endometriosis, PID, smoking 41. **Review what happens in a marginal placenta previa.** If the placenta does not migrate up by the third trimester and is located near or covering the cervix, it is known as placenta previa. 42. **Review risk factors for thrombophilia.** ** Inherited** 1 st degree family member = Factor V Leiden ** Acquired** Caused by SLE or other autoimmune diseases 43. **Review the pathophysiology for increased risk for blood clots during pregnancy.** Increased risk for blood clots due to increased blood volume 44. **Review risk factors for a molar pregnancy.** Age \< 15 and \> 35 Previous history of molar pregnancy History of infertility History of spontaneous abortions 45. **Review risk factors for a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.** Monitor for tachycardia and hypotension = Ruptured ectopic pregnancy increases risk 46. **Review risk factors for placental abruption.** - - - - - 47. **Review the most common cause of spontaneous abortion.** **Caused by fetal chromosomal abnormalities with unknown cause in many cases** Modifiable risk factors- lifestyle 48. **Review findings consistent with a molar pregnancy.** Initial manifestations of viable pregnancy Unexpectedly high hCG levels \> 100,00 49. **Review diagnostic findings consistent with a spontaneous abortion.** **Ultrasound to check gestational viability and fetal heartbeat** Fetal length greater than 7mm with absence of fetal heart tones 50. **Review client manifestations of placenta previa.** Light, chronic, intermittent bleeding 51. **Review diagnostic testing for placenta previa.** CBC, coagulation studies Ultrasound to rule out condition, not a digital exam 52. **Review the nurse's priority when caring for a client with acute placental abruption with hemorrhage.** Start IV Monitor vital signs Monitor FHR Turn client on side 53. **Review the medical management treatment for a spontaneous abortion.** Misoprostol for uterine evacuation of products of conception 54. **Review discharge teaching for a client following surgery for a molar pregnancy.** **Teaching as an intervention** Potential complications Contraception during treatment phase Call doctor for heavy vaginal bleeding 55. **Review medical management for cervical insufficiency.** Progesterone to help prevent premature delivery in women Used until 36 weeks 56. **Review the plan of care for a client with thrombophilia.** Anticoagulation- low molecular weight heparin Client education Weekly NST visits at 36 weeks gestation 57. **Review education for a client who has a complete molar pregnancy.** - - 58. **Review priority nursing care for a pregnant client with a history of cervical insufficiency.** Emotional support Prepare for possible cerclage placement **Unit 3 Complications of Pregnancy: Hypertensive Disorders** 59. **Review client changes related to pregnancy that are expected with eclampsia.** Unexpected placental implantation and inadequate blood flow to the placenta Elevated BP causes autoregulation dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature 60. **Review the primary cause of preeclampsia with severe features.** 61. **Review the primary clinical manifestation of HELLP syndrome.** The severe manifestation of preeclampsia with severe features 62. **Review the reason magnesium sulfate is given to treat HELLP syndrome.** Seizure prophylaxis 63. **Review client health promotion for gestational hypertension.** Refrain from smoking, alcohol, high sugar foods Focus on good nutrition, exercise, and gaining the appropriate amount of weight Limit caffeine to 200 mg per day Do not take supplements without checking with the provider Attend all prenatal visits 64. **Review the primary cause of oligohydramnios.** Primary cause is chronic uteroplacental ischemia **Unit 3 Complications of Pregnancy: Endocrine Disorders** 65. **Review the causes of hyperthyroidism.** Autoimmune most common cause- Graves' disease Thyroiditis Goiter 66. Review the differences in risk between pregestational type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus. **Pregestational type 1**=**Risk factors Genetic Familial history** **Gestational Diabetes melitus= BMI\>25 History of GDM, family history of diabetes History of A1C 5.7%- 6.4% Previous LGA infant ( above 4.08 kilogram or 9 pound)** 67. **Review possible causes of hyperemesis gravidarum.** Elevated hCG due to molar or multiple gestation pregnancy Estradiol increase due to elevated hCG Nausea associated with motion 68. **Review special considerations of gestational diabetes mellitus.** Antenatal testing including nonstress testing Increased provider visits More lab and diagnostics Increased stress from financial strain 69. **Review client education for gestational diabetes mellitus regarding laboratory testing.** ** Hemoglobin A1C monitored every 2 months during pregnancy** 70. **Review manifestations of dehydration in hyperemesis gravidarum.** **Signs of dehydration such** furrowed tongue; dry skin; dizziness dark or strong-smelling urine headaches; rapid heart rate; and confusion