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Stages of Fetal Development
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Stages of Fetal Development

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Questions and Answers

During fertilization, what is the result of the sperm cell penetrating the zona pellucida?

  • Multiple spermatozoa can penetrate the cell membrane of the ovum.
  • The sperm cell becomes impenetrable to other sperm.
  • The sperm cell is rejected by the ovum.
  • The ovum membrane changes composition to become impervious to other sperm. (correct)

    • What is the final step in the fertilization process?

  • The sperm cell attaches to the ovum.
  • The plasma membranes of the ovum and sperm fuse. (correct)
  • The sperm cell migrates between cumulus cells and corona radiate cells.
  • The sperm cell penetrates the zona pellucida.

    • What is the result of multiple spermatozoa entering an ovum?

  • An abnormal zygote formation leading to gestational trophoblastic disease. (correct)
  • The ovum membrane changes composition to become impervious to other sperm.
  • The sperm cells are rejected by the ovum.
  • A normal zygote formation.

    • What is necessary for fertilization to occur?

    <p>Maturation of both the ovum and sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes in a fertilized ovum?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the sex of the child after fertilization?

    <p>The type of sperm that penetrates the ovum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the chromosomal material of the ovum and sperm?

    <p>A zygote with 46 chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that begins after the egg is fertilized?

    <p>A rapid process of division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of a sperm penetrating the outer layer of the egg?

    <p>Acrosome reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of fetal development do the embryo's organ systems form?

    <p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time period during which a sperm can fertilize an egg?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid-filled sacs in which eggs grow in the ovaries?

    <p>Follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the sperm becomes capable of fertilizing an egg?

    <p>Capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the release of an egg from the ovary?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the corpus luteum in the process of conception?

    <p>To thicken the lining of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of time during which an egg is capable of fertilization?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the egg if it is not fertilized by a sperm?

    <p>It moves through the uterus and disintegrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that prepares sperm for fertilization?

    <p>Capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step undergone by the sperm to penetrate the protective layers of the ovum?

    <p>Acrosome Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes on the egg surface after a sperm has penetrated?

    <p>It changes to prevent entry of other sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the process of fertilization take?

    <p>About 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fimbriae in the fallopian tube?

    <p>To propel the egg into the fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme released during the acrosome reaction to dissolve the ovum's membrane?

    <p>Hyaluronidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the gender of the baby during fertilization?

    <p>The combination of genetic material from the sperm and egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stages of Fetal Development

    • Fetal development begins with fertilization, where a sperm and ovum unite to form a zygote.
    • The first two weeks are considered the pre-embryonic stage, during which the zygote burrows into the uterus lining.
    • From week 3 to 8, the embryonic stage occurs, where all the embryo's organ systems form.
    • From week 8 to birth, the fetal stage occurs, where growth and organ refinement take place.

    The Process of Conception

    • Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovaries, which can be fertilized for only 24-48 hours.
    • The total critical time span for fertilization to occur is about 72 hours (48 hours before ovulation plus 24 hours afterward).
    • Hormones released by the corpus luteum thicken the uterus lining, preparing it for the egg.
    • The released egg travels to the fallopian tube, where it is propelled by currents and cilia, and fertilized by a single sperm.

    Capacitation of Sperm

    • Capacitation is a process where fluids in the female reproductive tract improve sperm motility and prepare them for fertilization.
    • The process involves thinning the membrane to facilitate the release of lysosomal enzymes, allowing the sperm to penetrate the oocyte's exterior.

    Acrosome Reaction

    • The acrosome reaction is the final step in sperm penetration, where enzymes are released to dissolve the ovum's membrane (hyaluronidase).

    Fertilization

    • Fertilization takes about 24 hours and completes the genetic makeup of the baby, including its gender.
    • For fertilization to occur, three events must take place: sperm migration, attachment to the zona pellucida, and fusion of the plasma membranes of the ovum and sperm.
    • Once a sperm penetrates the cell membrane, it becomes impervious to other spermatozoa.

    Factors Important to Fertilization

    • Maturation of the ovum and sperm
    • Motility of the sperm to reach the ovum
    • Ability of the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane of the ovum

    Cell Division

    • After fertilization, the egg begins to divide rapidly, forming a zygote with 46 chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome).
    • The sex of the child is determined by the type of spermatozoon that entered the ovum (X-carrying spermatozoon for female, XX).

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    Related Documents

    23-24-MCN-Module-2-complete- final.pdf

    Description

    Learn about the different stages of fetal development, from fertilization to the formation of organ systems. Understand the Pre-embryonic and Embryonic stages.

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