4.3 CARDIAC

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What is the primary function of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation?

Enables deoxygenated blood from the SVC to pass into the RV

Permits the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the PA

Allows the majority of oxygenated placental blood to bypass the liver and enter the IVC (correct)

Allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to pass from the RA to LA

What is the most common form of congenital disease?

Multifactorial origin

Congenital heart disease (correct)

Chromosomal abnormalities

Infections

Which of the following conditions is associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from endocarditis?

Repaired CHD with residual defects

Cardiac transplant recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy

Unrepaired cyanotic CHD (correct)

Prosthetic cardiac valve or prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair

What is the result of a left-to-right shunt in acyanotic lesions?

Increased pulmonary blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for closure of an atrial septal defect?

Pulmonary blood flow > 1.5 x systemic blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth?

Flow reversal followed by constriction of the muscular wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of hemodynamic management in Eisenmenger's syndrome?

To achieve a balance between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common lesion associated with tricuspid atresia?

VSD Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E infusion in the initial treatment of transposition of the great arteries?

Maintains patency of the PDA Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Eisenmenger's syndrome?

Reversal of a left-to-right shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptoms of tricuspid atresia?

Dependent on the degree of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate without surgical treatment in transposition of the great arteries at 1 year?

Essentially 100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased pulmonary vascular resistance on a left-to-right shunt?

It decreases the left-to-right shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anesthetic management in a patient with a ventricular septal defect?

To minimize the left-to-right shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of volatile anesthetics on a left-to-right shunt in a patient with a ventricular septal defect?

They decrease the left-to-right shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for surgical correction of a ventricular septal defect?

Prior to the development of right ventricular hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on a right-to-left shunt in a patient with a ventricular septal defect?

It increases the right-to-left shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anesthetic management in a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus?

To minimize the left-to-right shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased FiO2 on a right-to-left shunt in a patient with a ventricular septal defect?

It decreases the right-to-left shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a cyanotic lesion?

Right-to-left shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a decrease in systemic vascular resistance on a right-to-left shunt in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot?

It increases the right-to-left shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred induction agent in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot?

Ketamine Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with L-transposition of the great arteries, what is the correct sequence of blood flow?

RA -> mitral valve -> LV -> pulmonic valve -> lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in anesthetizing a patient with transposition of the great arteries?

Avoiding myocardial depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for truncus arteriosus?

Repair VSD and create an artificial pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

Oxygenated blood returns to the right heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prostaglandin infusion in a patient with hypoplastic left heart?

To maintain the PDA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of a double aortic arch?

Stridor Signup and view all the answers