Fertilization Process

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Which of the following substances does not require active transport across the placenta?

Nicotine

Iron

Amino acids

Oxygen (correct)

When does the placenta take over the endocrine function from the corpus luteum?

Weeks 12-17 (correct)

Weeks 28-30

Weeks 6-10

Weeks 20-24

What is the significance of the hormone relaxin during pregnancy?

It stimulates protein synthesis

It inhibits contractions

It stimulates ovulation

It loosens the pelvis and dilates the cervix (correct)

What is the approximate increase in daily caloric intake required during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy?

300 calories (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological response that occurs about 2 days before labor, indicating the onset of childbirth?

A plug of mucus covering the cervix is expelled (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the hormone oxytocin during labor?

To intensify contractions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of the sperm and oocyte nuclei during fertilization?

A cell with half genetic material from the mother and half from the father (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are millions of sperm killed during fertilization?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capacitation in sperm?

To prepare the sperm for fertilization (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers that surround the oocyte?

Corona radiata and zona pellucida (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the acrosomal reaction during fertilization?

The release of enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the oocyte's layers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fertilization membrane?

A barrier that prevents further sperm penetration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of the zygote and associated membranes moving to the uterus?

Conceptus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hCG during implantation?

To maintain the health of the corpus luteum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the primitive excertory duct that will become part of the urinary bladder?

Alantois (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the embryo develops from a flat sheet of cells to a cylindrical shape?

Embryonic folding (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foramen ovale and ductus arterioles in the infant's circulation?

To adjust circulation after birth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brown fat in the newborn infant?

To regulate body temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prolactin in lactation?

To establish and maintain the supply of breast milk (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of colostrum secreted in the first 72 hours after birth?

A small amount of milk with high levels of immunoglobulins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the expression of an individual's genotype?

Phenotype (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an individual who carries a recessive gene that can be passed on to their offspring?

Carrier (C) Signup and view all the answers