Fertilization and Conception Process

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What is the primary reason why most sperm cells die during fertilization?

The capacitation process

The acidic environment (correct)

The leukocytes in the female reproductive tract

The mucus in the female reproductive tract

How long can sperm cells survive inside the female reproductive tract?

1 day

1 month

3-5 days (correct)

1 week

What is the purpose of capacitation in fertilization?

To produce hormones

To kill the sperm cells

To fertilize the oocyte

To enable the sperm cells to penetrate the oocyte (correct)

What is the fast block in fertilization?

The depolarization of the oocyte's plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of the male and female chromosomes during fertilization?

A diploid zygote with half male and half female chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the release and fertilization of two oocytes?

Fraternal twins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the offspring from week 9 until birth?

Fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of gestation lasts from weeks 3-8?

Embryonic stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the yolk sac?

Provides nutrients, blood cells, and germ cells before the placenta is formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of membranes wrapping on top of themselves to form a 3D structure?

Embryonic folding Signup and view all the answers

Why do fetal and maternal blood not mix during pregnancy?

Because cytotoxic T cells would attack the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of lack of folate in the diet during pregnancy?

Spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the placenta?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks does rapid weight gain occur in the fetus?

Weeks 21-30 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of relaxin during pregnancy?

To loosen ligaments at the hip joint and dilate the cervix Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a newborn?

20 inches Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate amount of breast milk produced by females per infant?

1.5 liters Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person's outward appearance and behavior?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a copy of a gene?

Allele Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a gene that will always be expressed in the phenotype?

Dominant Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic disorder caused by having three copies of chromosome 21?

Down's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who carries a genetic disorder but does not necessarily exhibit the disorder themselves?

Carrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal weight gain for a mother during the first trimester?

1 lb per month Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for morning sickness during pregnancy?

Decrease in peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which the uterus returns to its original size after childbirth?

Involution Signup and view all the answers

Why do varicose veins and hemorrhoids occur during pregnancy?

Due to decreased blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?

To secrete oil to prevent chapping Signup and view all the answers

What is the APGAR score used to evaluate?

The baby's health in the first few minutes Signup and view all the answers