32 Questions
What is the primary reason most sperm cells die?
The acidic environment of the female reproductive system
What process allows the sperm cell's enzymes to penetrate the oocyte?
Capacitation
What is the result of a single sperm cell joining with a receptor on the oocyte's surface?
The fast block is triggered
What is the purpose of the slow block?
To prevent polyspermy
What is the result of the fusion of the sperm cell and oocyte chromosomes?
A diploid zygote with 50% male and 50% female chromosomes
What is the rare occurrence when two oocytes are released and fertilized?
Fraternal twins
What is the average amount of breast milk produced by females per infant?
1.5 liters
What is the purpose of the laxative property in breast milk?
To remove bilirubin from the infant
What is the term for a person's outward appearance and behavior?
Phenotype
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To figure out the outcome probability of mixing 2 genes
What is the primary function of the trophoblasts during the pre-embryonic stage?
To form the placenta and support the embryo
Why are most genetic disorders passed down on the recessive gene?
Because dominant genes may not allow the offspring to survive long enough to reproduce
What is the genetic cause of Turner syndrome?
Having only one X chromosome
What percentage of conceptuses typically fail to implant and are shed during menses?
50-75%
What is the term for the process by which the membranes wrap around each other to form a 3-dimensional structure?
Embryonic folding
What is the primary reason why fetal and maternal blood do not mix during pregnancy?
To prevent the mother's immune system from attacking the fetus
What is the typical weight range of a newborn baby?
5.5-8.8 lbs
What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?
To loosen ligaments at the hip joint and dilate the cervix
What is the period of time during which the embryo is most sensitive to teratogens?
Weeks 4-12
What is the term for the protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes that can occur during fetal development?
Spina bifida
What is the primary function of the yolk sac during fetal development?
To provide blood cells and germ cells to the embryo
What is the typical duration of pregnancy in days?
270-280 days
What is the primary reason for morning sickness during pregnancy?
Decreased peristalsis due to high progesterone levels
What is the average weight gain per month during the first trimester of pregnancy?
1 lb
Why do varicose veins and hemorrhoids occur more frequently during pregnancy?
Decreased blood flow due to uterine pressure
What is the primary function of oxytocin during childbirth?
To stimulate contractions
What is the typical duration of the cervical dilation stage of childbirth?
6-12 hours
What is the primary reason for the increased risk of dehydration in newborns?
Dilute urine
What is the purpose of Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?
To prevent nipple chapping or cracking
What is the term for the return of the uterus to its original size after childbirth?
Involution
When does breast milk production typically begin?
After the placenta is expelled
What is the primary function of the APGAR score?
To evaluate newborn health
Learn about the journey of sperm cells towards fertilization, overcoming obstacles like acidic environment and mucus, and the process of capacitation. Understand the lifespan of sperm and oocyte cells. Test your knowledge of human reproduction!
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