Fertilization Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason most sperm cells die?

  • The oocyte's outer cover is too thick
  • The oocyte's receptors are too specific
  • The sperm cells are not capable of capacitation
  • The acidic environment of the female reproductive system (correct)

What process allows the sperm cell's enzymes to penetrate the oocyte?

  • Depolarization
  • Fertilization
  • Slow block
  • Capacitation (correct)

What is the result of a single sperm cell joining with a receptor on the oocyte's surface?

  • The slow block is triggered
  • The sperm cell completely penetrates the oocyte
  • The fast block is triggered (correct)
  • Hundreds of sperm cells can penetrate the oocyte

What is the purpose of the slow block?

<p>To prevent polyspermy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of the sperm cell and oocyte chromosomes?

<p>A diploid zygote with 50% male and 50% female chromosomes (B), A diploid zygote with 50% male and 50% female chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rare occurrence when two oocytes are released and fertilized?

<p>Fraternal twins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average amount of breast milk produced by females per infant?

<p>1.5 liters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the laxative property in breast milk?

<p>To remove bilirubin from the infant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person's outward appearance and behavior?

<p>Phenotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

<p>To figure out the outcome probability of mixing 2 genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trophoblasts during the pre-embryonic stage?

<p>To form the placenta and support the embryo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are most genetic disorders passed down on the recessive gene?

<p>Because dominant genes may not allow the offspring to survive long enough to reproduce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic cause of Turner syndrome?

<p>Having only one X chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of conceptuses typically fail to implant and are shed during menses?

<p>50-75% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the membranes wrap around each other to form a 3-dimensional structure?

<p>Embryonic folding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why fetal and maternal blood do not mix during pregnancy?

<p>To prevent the mother's immune system from attacking the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weight range of a newborn baby?

<p>5.5-8.8 lbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

<p>To loosen ligaments at the hip joint and dilate the cervix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the period of time during which the embryo is most sensitive to teratogens?

<p>Weeks 4-12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes that can occur during fetal development?

<p>Spina bifida (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the yolk sac during fetal development?

<p>To provide blood cells and germ cells to the embryo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of pregnancy in days?

<p>270-280 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for morning sickness during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased peristalsis due to high progesterone levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weight gain per month during the first trimester of pregnancy?

<p>1 lb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do varicose veins and hemorrhoids occur more frequently during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased blood flow due to uterine pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin during childbirth?

<p>To stimulate contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the cervical dilation stage of childbirth?

<p>6-12 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increased risk of dehydration in newborns?

<p>Dilute urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?

<p>To prevent nipple chapping or cracking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the return of the uterus to its original size after childbirth?

<p>Involution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does breast milk production typically begin?

<p>After the placenta is expelled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the APGAR score?

<p>To evaluate newborn health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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