Human Reproduction: Fertilization

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What is the term for the entire duration of development from conception to birth?

Organogenesis

Gestation (correct)

Fetalization

Embryogenesis

During which weeks is the offspring called an embryo?

Weeks 1-4

Weeks 9-12

Weeks 13-16

Weeks 3-8 (correct)

What is the term for the cells that have the ability to differentiate into any cell type?

Multipotent

Unipotent

Totipotent (correct)

Pluripotent

What is the primary function of the yolk sac?

To provide nutrients, blood cells, and germ cells to the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes usually seen in the lower back?

Spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks does the placenta develop?

Weeks 4-12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of the membranes wrapping around each other to form a 3-dimensional structure?

Embryonic folding Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

To allow the corpus luteum to survive Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the position of the fetus in the womb, characterized by arms crossed at the chest and knees and hips flexed?

Fetal position Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of nerve cells becoming covered in a fatty insulating layer, which is not complete until adolescence?

Myelination Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why most sperm cells do not fertilize the oocyte?

They die due to the acidic environment Signup and view all the answers

How long can sperm cells survive inside the female reproductive tract?

Days Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capacitation in sperm cells?

To allow the sperm to penetrate the oocyte Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the plasma membrane of the oocyte after a sperm cell fertilizes it?

It depolarizes Signup and view all the answers

What is the final result of the fertilization process?

A single-celled diploid zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of two oocytes being released and fertilized?

Fraternal twins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for morning sickness during pregnancy?

Decreased peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weight gain per month during the first trimester of pregnancy?

1 pound per month Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin in childbirth?

To increase the force and length of uterine contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the uterus returning to its original size after childbirth?

Involution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increased oxygen demand during pregnancy?

Uterus pushing up on the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?

To secrete oil to prevent nipple chapping Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first 13 days of life after birth?

Neonatal period Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for varicose veins or hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

Increased pressure on veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the first stage of childbirth?

6-12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of prolactin in lactation?

To stimulate milk secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the laxative property in breast milk?

To remove bilirubin from the infant's system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of alleles that are the same?

Homozygous Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physical expression of a person's genes?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

To figure out the outcome probability of mixing 2 genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who carries a recessive gene for a genetic disorder?

Carrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood type that is an example of co-dominance?

AB Signup and view all the answers