Fertilization Process: From Sperm to Zygote

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What is the primary function of the foramen ovale and ductus arterioles in the infant's heart?

To facilitate gas exchange

To regulate body temperature

To close after birth (correct)

To increase blood pressure

What is the main component of colostrum that provides immunity to the infant?

Hormones

Antibodies

Immunoglobulins (correct)

Prolactin

What is the term for the expression of a gene's effect on an organism's physical appearance?

Genotype

Phenotype (correct)

Heterozygous

Homozygous

What is the term for an individual who carries a recessive allele that can be passed on to their offspring?

Carrier (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size after birth?

Involution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brown fat in the infant?

Regulation of body temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the majority of sperm during fertilization?

They are killed due to acidity and blocked by cervical mucus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the sperm releases enzymes to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida?

Acrosomal reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that surrounds the embryo and is filled with fluid for protection?

Amnion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the zygote and associated membranes moving to the uterus?

Conceptus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of blastocysts that fail to implant in the uterus?

50%-75% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the primitive excertory duct that will become part of the urinary bladder?

Alantois (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the cells of the embryonic disc become three layers?

Embryogenesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the yolk sac during embryonic development?

To provide nourishment to the embryo until the placenta is functional (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the indentation in the embryonic disc where new cells travel to form endoderm or mesoderm?

Primitive streak (B) Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta fully developed and functional?

By the end of week 12 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What substances cross the placenta through active transport?

Amino acids and iron (D) Signup and view all the answers

When does sexual differentiation begin?

Weeks 9-12 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of relaxin during fetal development?

To loosen the pelvis and dilate the cervix (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is progesterone important during fetal development?

To inhibit contractions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal caloric intake for a pregnant woman during the 1st trimester?

Normal caloric intake (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of oxytocin during childbirth?

To intensify contractions (D) Signup and view all the answers