Fertilization Process

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What is the approximate volume of breast milk produced by females per infant?

2 liters

1.5 liters (correct)

2.5 liters

1 liter

What is the term for a gene that will be seen in the phenotype?

Recessive

Homozygous

Dominant (correct)

Heterozygous

What is the purpose of capacitation in the fertilization process?

To enhance the survival of sperm cells in the acidic environment

To facilitate the fusion of multiple sperm cells with the oocyte

To increase the speed of sperm movement

To enable the sperm's enzymes to penetrate the oocyte (correct)

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

To figure out the outcome probability of mixing two genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why most genetic disorders are passed down on the recessive gene?

Because if they are on the dominant gene, the offspring may not live long enough to reproduce Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why most sperm cells do not fertilize the oocyte?

They are killed by the acidic environment or leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having only one X chromosome instead of two?

Turner syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the plasma membrane of the oocyte after a sperm cell fertilizes it?

It depolarizes, making it impenetrable to other sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to the rule that genetic disorders are passed down on the recessive gene?

Huntington's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the slow block mechanism in fertilization?

The destruction of all sperm receptors on the oocyte's surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the rarity of identical twins resulting from the fertilization process?

Less common than fraternal twins Signup and view all the answers

What is the final result of the fertilization process?

A diploid zygote with both paternal and maternal chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of gestation does the offspring float toward the uterus?

Pre-embryonic stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of trophoblasts in the blastocoel?

They form the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of conceptuses fail to implant in the uterine wall?

50-75% Signup and view all the answers

What hormone allows the corpus luteum to survive during pregnancy?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of implantation in a non-desirable place?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the yolk sac?

To provide nutrients, blood cells, and germ cells to the embryo Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks does the placenta develop?

Weeks 4-12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of lack of folate in the diet during pregnancy?

Spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks does sensory organ development begin?

Weeks 13-16 Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weight of a newborn?

5.5-8.8 lbs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight gain per month during the first trimester?

1 lbs Signup and view all the answers

Why does morning sickness occur during pregnancy?

Decrease in peristalsis and increase in hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decrease in blood flow during pregnancy?

The growing uterus puts pressure on veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the oxygen demand increase during pregnancy?

The growing uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?

To secrete oil to prevent chapping or cracking around the nipple Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the postpartum period?

6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the uterus returning to its original size?

Involution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the baby's difficulty in controlling body temperature?

Imature muscles and underdeveloped nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the APGAR score?

To assess the baby's overall health in the first few minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of breast milk for days 3-10 postpartum?

Colostrum/breast milk mixture Signup and view all the answers