32 Questions
What is the approximate volume of breast milk produced by females per infant?
1.5 liters
What is the term for a gene that will be seen in the phenotype?
Dominant
What is the purpose of capacitation in the fertilization process?
To enable the sperm's enzymes to penetrate the oocyte
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To figure out the outcome probability of mixing two genes
What is the reason why most genetic disorders are passed down on the recessive gene?
Because if they are on the dominant gene, the offspring may not live long enough to reproduce
What is the primary reason why most sperm cells do not fertilize the oocyte?
They are killed by the acidic environment or leukocytes
What is the result of having only one X chromosome instead of two?
Turner syndrome
What happens to the plasma membrane of the oocyte after a sperm cell fertilizes it?
It depolarizes, making it impenetrable to other sperm cells
What is the exception to the rule that genetic disorders are passed down on the recessive gene?
Huntington's disease
What is the result of the slow block mechanism in fertilization?
The destruction of all sperm receptors on the oocyte's surface
What is the rarity of identical twins resulting from the fertilization process?
Less common than fraternal twins
What is the final result of the fertilization process?
A diploid zygote with both paternal and maternal chromosomes
During which stage of gestation does the offspring float toward the uterus?
Pre-embryonic stage
What is the function of trophoblasts in the blastocoel?
They form the placenta
What percentage of conceptuses fail to implant in the uterine wall?
50-75%
What hormone allows the corpus luteum to survive during pregnancy?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
What is the result of implantation in a non-desirable place?
All of the above
What is the function of the yolk sac?
To provide nutrients, blood cells, and germ cells to the embryo
During which weeks does the placenta develop?
Weeks 4-12
What is the result of lack of folate in the diet during pregnancy?
Spina bifida
During which weeks does sensory organ development begin?
Weeks 13-16
What is the average weight of a newborn?
5.5-8.8 lbs.
What is the approximate weight gain per month during the first trimester?
1 lbs
Why does morning sickness occur during pregnancy?
Decrease in peristalsis and increase in hormones
What is the primary reason for the decrease in blood flow during pregnancy?
The growing uterus puts pressure on veins
What is the main reason for the oxygen demand increase during pregnancy?
The growing uterus
What is the role of Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?
To secrete oil to prevent chapping or cracking around the nipple
What is the duration of the postpartum period?
6 weeks
What is the term for the uterus returning to its original size?
Involution
What is the primary reason for the baby's difficulty in controlling body temperature?
Imature muscles and underdeveloped nerves
What is the purpose of the APGAR score?
To assess the baby's overall health in the first few minutes
What is the composition of breast milk for days 3-10 postpartum?
Colostrum/breast milk mixture
Learn about the fertilization process, where a haploid ovum and a haploid sperm cell join together, and the obstacles that sperm cells face to reach the oocyte. Understand the importance of capacitation and the survival duration of sperm and oocyte cells.
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