Repro 3 Fertilization
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Questions and Answers

What is the specific binding site for sperm on the zona pellucida?

  • ZP3 (correct)
  • ZP2
  • ZP4
  • ZP1

    • Which enzyme is required for zona penetration during fertilization?

  • Lipase
  • Acrosine (correct)
  • Protease
  • Amylase

    • What becomes impermeable upon fertilization to prevent polyspermy?

  • Acrosome
  • Oocyte membrane
  • Zona pellucida (correct)
  • Sperm membrane

    • Which region of the sperm membrane is involved in the fusion with oocytes following completion of the acrosome reaction?

    <p>Equatorial region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the extensive reorganization of the zona pellucida structure upon fertilization?

    <p>Cortical granules released by oocyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Infundibulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does meiosis continue to in the oocyte within the uterine tube?

    <p>Metaphase II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acrosome reaction in sperm?

    <p>Allows sperm penetration into the oocyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do many millions, or billions, of sperm get ejaculated during insemination or natural mating?

    <p>Uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona pellucida in mammalian oocytes?

    <p>Provide a structure for mammalian oocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do adherent sperm gain a prolonged lifespan due to interaction with tubal epithelium?

    <p>Isthmus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the sperm penetration into the oocyte?

    <p>Oocyte begins meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the blastocyst hatching from the zona pellucida?

    <p>Initiation of the implantation process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the yolk sac in early embryo development?

    <p>Nutrition provision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical process in which the mother 'recognizes' she is pregnant?

    <p>Diversion of PGF2α secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time taken for a zygote to reach the uterus in cows and most other species?

    <p>6 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does zygotic protein synthesis typically begin during early embryo development?

    <p>At 16-cell stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Interferon tau (IFNT) in maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants?

    <p>Inhibits prostaglandin F2α (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Estradiol impact maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine?

    <p>Inactivates prostaglandin F2α in the lumen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In horses, what facilitates the transport of the embryo from the uterine tube to the uterus?

    <p>PGE2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Prostaglandin F2α metabolite in swine during maternal recognition of pregnancy?

    <p>Inactivates Prostaglandin F2α (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary signal that mediates embryo movement in horses?

    <p>PGE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Interferon tau (IFNT) contribute to maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants?

    <p>Inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Isthmus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acrosome reaction in sperm?

    <p>Allows sperm penetration into the oocyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does meiosis continue to in the oocyte within the uterine tube?

    <p>Metaphase 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical process in which the mother 'recognizes' she is pregnant?

    <p>Maternal recognition of pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do adherent sperm gain a prolonged lifespan due to interaction with tubal epithelium?

    <p>Isthmus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes impermeable upon fertilization to prevent polyspermy?

    <p>Zona pellucida (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the allantois in early embryo development?

    <p>Collection of secretions from the embryo and gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During early cleavage in cows and sheep, which stage follows the 16-cell/compact morula stage?

    <p>Morula stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific binding site for sperm on the zona pellucida?

    <p>ZP3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early embryo development, when does zygotic protein synthesis typically begin?

    <p>At 16-cell stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event must be completed before sperm can fuse with oocytes?

    <p>Acrosome reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pronuclei in the zygote after migration to the cell center?

    <p>Undergo DNA decondensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure undergoes extensive reorganization upon fertilization?

    <p>Zona pellucida (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the formation of extraembryonic membranes in early embryo development?

    <p>Maternal recognition of pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the reorganization of the zona pellucida structure upon fertilization?

    <p>Oocyte cortical granules release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of equine embryos in terms of shape during development?

    <p>Maintained rounded shape due to a capsule surrounding the ZP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sperm characteristic is essential for binding to the zona pellucida?

    <p>Intact acrosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Interferon tau (IFN) in maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants?

    <p>Stimulates prostaglandin F2 production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Estradiol impact maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine?

    <p>Encourages exocrine secretion of PGF2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Equine embryo mobility in maternal recognition of pregnancy in horses?

    <p>Facilitates the movement through uterine horns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do swine prevent PGF2 from reaching the uterine vasculature?

    <p>By directing PGF2 to the lumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy in mares?

    <p>Embryo mobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates endometrial glands during maternal recognition of pregnancy in horses?

    <p>Chorionic gonadotropin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Isthmus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component gains the ability to fertilize during sperm transit through the epididymis?

    <p>Sperm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the oviduct serves as a sperm reservoir?

    <p>Isthmus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes are required in the female tract before sperm are capable of fertilization?

    <p>Biochemical changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure surrounds the mammalian oocyte?

    <p>Zona pellucida (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for fertilization and allows sperm penetration into the oocyte?

    <p>Acrosome reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the allantois in early embryo development?

    <p>Collects secretions from the embryo and helps with gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs after the sperm nucleus disintegrates and the male pronucleus forms?

    <p>Nuclear envelopes disperse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does zygotic protein synthesis typically begin during early embryo development?

    <p>At the 16-cell/compact morula stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during early cleavage in cows and sheep after the compact morula stage?

    <p>Chromosomes aggregate in prophase of the first cleavage division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the amnion in early embryo development?

    <p>Provides mechanical protection and hydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of migration to the uterus during early embryo development?

    <p>Migration to establish maternal recognition of pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acrosine during fertilization?

    <p>It is necessary for the completion of the acrosome reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event must occur before sperm can fuse with oocytes?

    <p>Completion of acrosome reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the sperm membrane is involved in fusion with oocytes after the acrosome reaction?

    <p>Post-acrosomal membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the zona pellucida become impermeable upon fertilization?

    <p>Release of cortical granules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein within the zona pellucida serves as a specific binding site for sperm?

    <p>ZP3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis and prostaglandin F2α in ruminants during maternal recognition of pregnancy?

    <p>Interferon tau (IFNT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone changes the direction of prostaglandin F2α secretion by the endometrium in swine during maternal recognition of pregnancy?

    <p>Estradiol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for the directed movement of endometrial-derived PGF2α away from the uterine vasculature in swine during maternal recognition of pregnancy?

    <p>PGE2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In horses, what stimulates the endometrial glands during maternal recognition of pregnancy?

    <p>PGE2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism facilitating embryo migration through uterine horns and body in horses during maternal recognition of pregnancy?

    <p>Equine embryo mobility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for transporting a viable embryo from the uterine tube to the uterus around 6 days after fertilization in horses?

    <p>PGE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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