69 Questions
What is the specific binding site for sperm on the zona pellucida?
ZP3
Which enzyme is required for zona penetration during fertilization?
Acrosine
What becomes impermeable upon fertilization to prevent polyspermy?
Zona pellucida
Which region of the sperm membrane is involved in the fusion with oocytes following completion of the acrosome reaction?
Equatorial region
What triggers the extensive reorganization of the zona pellucida structure upon fertilization?
Cortical granules released by oocyte
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Infundibulum
At what stage does meiosis continue to in the oocyte within the uterine tube?
Metaphase II
What is the main function of the acrosome reaction in sperm?
Allows sperm penetration into the oocyte
Where do many millions, or billions, of sperm get ejaculated during insemination or natural mating?
Uterus
What is the function of the zona pellucida in mammalian oocytes?
Provide a structure for mammalian oocytes
Where do adherent sperm gain a prolonged lifespan due to interaction with tubal epithelium?
Isthmus
What happens after the sperm penetration into the oocyte?
Oocyte begins meiosis
What is the function of the blastocyst hatching from the zona pellucida?
Initiation of the implantation process
What is the primary role of the yolk sac in early embryo development?
Nutrition provision
What is a critical process in which the mother 'recognizes' she is pregnant?
Diversion of PGF2α secretion
What is the approximate time taken for a zygote to reach the uterus in cows and most other species?
6 days
When does zygotic protein synthesis typically begin during early embryo development?
At 16-cell stage
What is the role of Interferon tau (IFNT) in maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants?
Inhibits prostaglandin F2α
How does Estradiol impact maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine?
Inactivates prostaglandin F2α in the lumen
In horses, what facilitates the transport of the embryo from the uterine tube to the uterus?
PGE2
What is the effect of Prostaglandin F2α metabolite in swine during maternal recognition of pregnancy?
Inactivates Prostaglandin F2α
What is the primary signal that mediates embryo movement in horses?
PGE
How does Interferon tau (IFNT) contribute to maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants?
Inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Isthmus
What is the main function of the acrosome reaction in sperm?
Allows sperm penetration into the oocyte
At what stage does meiosis continue to in the oocyte within the uterine tube?
Metaphase 2
What is a critical process in which the mother 'recognizes' she is pregnant?
Maternal recognition of pregnancy
Where do adherent sperm gain a prolonged lifespan due to interaction with tubal epithelium?
Isthmus
What becomes impermeable upon fertilization to prevent polyspermy?
Zona pellucida
What is the function of the allantois in early embryo development?
Collection of secretions from the embryo and gas exchange
During early cleavage in cows and sheep, which stage follows the 16-cell/compact morula stage?
Morula stage
What is the specific binding site for sperm on the zona pellucida?
ZP3
In early embryo development, when does zygotic protein synthesis typically begin?
At 16-cell stage
What event must be completed before sperm can fuse with oocytes?
Acrosome reaction
What is the role of the pronuclei in the zygote after migration to the cell center?
Undergo DNA decondensation
Which structure undergoes extensive reorganization upon fertilization?
Zona pellucida
What follows the formation of extraembryonic membranes in early embryo development?
Maternal recognition of pregnancy
What drives the reorganization of the zona pellucida structure upon fertilization?
Oocyte cortical granules release
What is a characteristic feature of equine embryos in terms of shape during development?
Maintained rounded shape due to a capsule surrounding the ZP
Which sperm characteristic is essential for binding to the zona pellucida?
Intact acrosome
What is the role of Interferon tau (IFN) in maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants?
Stimulates prostaglandin F2 production
How does Estradiol impact maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine?
Encourages exocrine secretion of PGF2
What is the significance of Equine embryo mobility in maternal recognition of pregnancy in horses?
Facilitates the movement through uterine horns
How do swine prevent PGF2 from reaching the uterine vasculature?
By directing PGF2 to the lumen
What is the primary mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy in mares?
Embryo mobility
Which hormone stimulates endometrial glands during maternal recognition of pregnancy in horses?
Chorionic gonadotropin
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Isthmus
What component gains the ability to fertilize during sperm transit through the epididymis?
Sperm
Which part of the oviduct serves as a sperm reservoir?
Isthmus
What changes are required in the female tract before sperm are capable of fertilization?
Biochemical changes
Which structure surrounds the mammalian oocyte?
Zona pellucida
What is essential for fertilization and allows sperm penetration into the oocyte?
Acrosome reaction
What is the function of the allantois in early embryo development?
Collects secretions from the embryo and helps with gas exchange
What process occurs after the sperm nucleus disintegrates and the male pronucleus forms?
Nuclear envelopes disperse
When does zygotic protein synthesis typically begin during early embryo development?
At the 16-cell/compact morula stage
What occurs during early cleavage in cows and sheep after the compact morula stage?
Chromosomes aggregate in prophase of the first cleavage division
What is the primary role of the amnion in early embryo development?
Provides mechanical protection and hydration
What is the purpose of migration to the uterus during early embryo development?
Migration to establish maternal recognition of pregnancy
What is the role of acrosine during fertilization?
It is necessary for the completion of the acrosome reaction
Which event must occur before sperm can fuse with oocytes?
Completion of acrosome reaction
What component of the sperm membrane is involved in fusion with oocytes after the acrosome reaction?
Post-acrosomal membrane
Why does the zona pellucida become impermeable upon fertilization?
Release of cortical granules
Which protein within the zona pellucida serves as a specific binding site for sperm?
ZP3
What hormone inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis and prostaglandin F2α in ruminants during maternal recognition of pregnancy?
Interferon tau (IFNT)
Which hormone changes the direction of prostaglandin F2α secretion by the endometrium in swine during maternal recognition of pregnancy?
Estradiol
Which factor is responsible for the directed movement of endometrial-derived PGF2α away from the uterine vasculature in swine during maternal recognition of pregnancy?
PGE2
In horses, what stimulates the endometrial glands during maternal recognition of pregnancy?
PGE2
What is the primary mechanism facilitating embryo migration through uterine horns and body in horses during maternal recognition of pregnancy?
Equine embryo mobility
Which hormone is responsible for transporting a viable embryo from the uterine tube to the uterus around 6 days after fertilization in horses?
PGE
Test your knowledge on the process of fertilization and ovulation in veterinary medicine. Topics include release of the oocyte, meiosis, fertilization location, and sperm transit. This quiz covers important concepts for veterinary students.
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