Fertility Examination Methods

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Which of the following is the main reason for undertaking examinations in animals?

To determine fertility

To detect abnormalities

To determine prognosis for fertility (correct)

To document normality

What is the difference between infertility and sterility?

Infertility and sterility are the same thing

Infertility and sterility are not related to reproduction

Infertility refers to absolute inability to reproduce, while sterility refers to impaired fertility

Infertility refers to impaired fertility, while sterility refers to absolute inability to reproduce (correct)

When taking a clinical history, what should be considered if the problem is related to fertility?

Previous breeding history (correct)

Age and body size

Genetic tests

Previous medical history

What bacteriological screening may be required for stallions prior to breeding?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What virological screening may be required for boars prior to breeding?

PRRS (A) Signup and view all the answers

What genetic tests may be required for dogs prior to breeding?

Eye diseases (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is commonly used to observe and test prostatic fluid in dogs?

Rectal palpation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal appearance of the prostate gland in dogs when observed through ultrasonography?

Butterfly appearance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method can be used to collect prostatic cells for cytological examination in dogs?

Lavage techniques (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone can be measured in stallions using endocrinological testing of testicular tissue?

Basal oestrone sulphate (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the stimulation of luteinising hormone in endocrinological testing?

Testosterone (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used to collect semen in bulls?

Artificial vagina (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory gland can be examined via rectal palpation, lavage, radiography, and ultrasonography in dogs?

Prostate gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method can be used to examine the urethra in dogs?

Radiography (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which species can use a home-made artificial vagina for semen collection?

Tom cat (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential impact of pyrexia on semen quality?

Increased testicular temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of abnormal scrotal contents?

Presence of hernia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of normal testicular tone?

Firm and resilient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ultrasound examination of the scrotum?

To estimate parenchymal echogenicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential abnormal finding in the ultrasound appearance of the testes?

Detection of focal or diffuse abnormalities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal appearance of the penis in the non-erect state?

Absence of penile-preputial adhesions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of penile deviations?

Penile-preputial adhesions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal characteristic of the preputial orifice?

Small amounts of discharge (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential abnormal finding in the examination of the sheath?

Presence of fibrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main reasons for undertaking examinations in animals?

To document normality and determine fertility, to determine prognosis for fertility, and to detect abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when taking a clinical history related to fertility?

The previous breeding history, including whether the animal has reached puberty and the outcome of previous breeding success. Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential infectious diseases that could be transmitted during a clinical examination?

Venereal or other pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

What are some bacteriological screening tests that may be required for stallions prior to breeding?

CEMO, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas. Signup and view all the answers

What are some genetic tests that may be required for dogs prior to breeding?

Tests for eye diseases such as PLL, Cataract, and PRA, as well as von Willibrands. Signup and view all the answers

Name three observations that can be made during the interaction of a male animal with an estrous female in a normal mating environment.

<ol> <li>Interest in the female 2. Detection of estrous female response 3. Mounting behavior</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential abnormal findings in the examination of the scrotum?

Abnormal scrotal skin, evidence of previous trauma, presence of hernia, abnormal scrotal contents Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of normal testicular size, texture, tone, and evenness?

Firm and resilient tone, homogeneous without focal lesions, normal size and texture Signup and view all the answers

What are some diagnostic methods that can be used to examine the scrotum and testes?

Palpation, measurement of testes and scrotal width, ultrasound examination Signup and view all the answers

What are some normal characteristics of the penis in the non-erect and erect state?

Normal appearance, absence of adhesions, absence of penile deviations Signup and view all the answers

What are the various diagnostic methods used to detect normality or abnormality in the accessory glands, primarily in dogs?

The various diagnostic methods include semen collection, rectal palpation, radiographic imaging, trans-rectal or trans-abdominal ultrasonography, and lavage techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different methods of examining the prostate gland in dogs?

The prostate gland in dogs can be examined through rectal palpation, lavage, radiography, and ultrasonography. Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific methods of examination for stallions?

The specific methods of examination for stallions include scrotal examination, testes examination, epididymides examination, inguinal canal examination, sheath and penis examination, routine bacteriological swabs, urethra and accessory glands examination via rectal palpation, ultrasonography, and endoscopy, and semen examination using a dummy mare and artificial device. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different methods of examining the scrotum, testes, and epididymides in rams and boars?

The scrotum, testes, and epididymides in rams and boars can be examined through scrotal examination, testes examination, epididymides examination, sheath and penis examination, and semen examination using water-filled artificial vagina or electroejaculator. Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific methods of examination for dogs in terms of libido and semen collection?

The specific methods of examination for dogs include scrotal examination, testes examination, epididymides examination, sheath and penis examination, perineum examination, urethra examination via radiography, prostate gland examination via rectal palpation, lavage, radiography, and ultrasonography, and semen examination. Signup and view all the answers