Fertility and Breeding time

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During oestrus, the female becomes sexually receptive to the male. This is typically preceded by a period of pro-oestrus and/or other clinical signs. What is the classic sign of oestrus in cows?

The female shows interest in the male (correct)

The female starts nesting behavior

The female becomes more aggressive towards the male

The female starts grooming the male

When does oestrus occur in most animals?

After parturition/lactational anoestrus

After seasonal anoestrus

During the follicular phase (correct)

During the luteal phase

Which hormone drives oestrus by increasing oestradiol concentrations?

Testosterone

Oxytocin

Luteinizing hormone (correct)

Progesterone

In which species does oestrus occur without being preceded by the luteal phase?

Dogs Signup and view all the answers

In cows and sows, how long does oestrus typically last?

1-2 days Signup and view all the answers

In which species is the length of oestrus increased and often not linked to when she first showed signs of oestrus?

Bitches Signup and view all the answers

When does ovulation typically occur in cows and sows?

At the end or just after the end of oestrus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal when timing mating in relation to oestrus?

To ensure successful mating Signup and view all the answers

When does oestrus occur in relation to the oestrous cycle?

At the beginning of the follicular phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oestradiol in driving oestrus?

To promote follicle development Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is most commonly used for monitoring oestrus and ovulation in animals?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What hormone triggers the LH surge and subsequently ovulation?

Oestradiol Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the ideal hormone to measure for predicting optimal chances of pregnancy in humans?

LH Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal time to mate the female animal?

Shortly before ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the period when oocytes are available to be fertilized by sperm in most species?

Immediately after ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the period when mating could result in pregnancy?

During oestrus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical tool for monitoring oestrus and ovulation in large animals?

Monitoring ovarian structures by ultrasonography Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected size of an antral follicle in a cow when monitoring oestrus and ovulation?

Between 10-20 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected size of a follicle in a mare when monitoring oestrus and ovulation?

Between 40-50 mm Signup and view all the answers

What does the rise in progesterone in a dog indicate?

Ovulation is imminent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key indicator that ovulation is imminent in mares?

The follicular wall will thicken Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the mare?

Cervix is hard and narrow, uterus is smaller with increased tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in cervix and uterus under oestrogen dominance in the cow?

Cervix is narrow and tense, uterus is oedematous with increased tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the cow?

Cervix is flaccid and soft, uterus is flaccid with reduction in tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in vaginal cytology during late oestrus in dogs?

Majority of cells are large intermediate cells that are anuclear and cornified Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pharmacologically controlling the time of ovulation in cows?

To time mating/artificial insemination accordingly Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that directly induces ovulation in cows?

HCG (LH activity) Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonly used method for controlling ovulation in cattle?

OvSynch Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are largely seen in vaginal cytology during prooestrus in dogs?

Parabasal or small intermediate cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in follicular morphology as ovulation approaches?

It loses its turgidity and becomes more irregular in shape Signup and view all the answers

What are the key indicators that ovulation is imminent in mares?

Follicular shape changes, follicular wall thickens (luteinizes), and uterine tonicity changes throughout the cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under oestrogen dominance in the mare?

Cervix is broad and soft, uterus is larger and oedematous. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the mare?

Cervix is hard and narrow, uterus is smaller with increased tone. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under oestrogen dominance in the cow?

Cervix is narrow and tense, uterus is oedematous with increased tone. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the cow?

Cervix is flaccid and soft, uterus is flaccid with reduction in tone. Signup and view all the answers

What are some considerations for the optimal time to mate male animals?

Introduction of a specific (high value) male, controlled mating through artificial insemination, monitoring for oestrus signs, synchronizing ovulation, and optimizing genetics for the offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the pre-ovulatory follicle growth maturation period in female animals?

It maximizes the production of oestradiol and ensures that the egg is fully mature, increasing the chances of fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

When can oocytes be fertilized in most species?

Oocytes can be fertilized immediately after ovulation, typically for a few hours, but in dogs it can be days due to the need for myosis. Signup and view all the answers

What are some clinical tools available for monitoring oestrus and ovulation?

Monitoring hormones like progesterone, oestradiol, GnRH, and LH can provide insights into the timing of oestrus and ovulation. Signup and view all the answers

What are some key indicators of ovulation in large animals?

Monitoring the ovaries through ultrasonography, checking for the presence of an active corpus luteum (CL), and assessing the size of follicles can help determine the timing of ovulation. Signup and view all the answers