Fertility and Breeding time
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Questions and Answers

During oestrus, the female becomes sexually receptive to the male. This is typically preceded by a period of pro-oestrus and/or other clinical signs. What is the classic sign of oestrus in cows?

  • The female shows interest in the male (correct)
  • The female starts nesting behavior
  • The female becomes more aggressive towards the male
  • The female starts grooming the male

    • When does oestrus occur in most animals?

  • After parturition/lactational anoestrus
  • After seasonal anoestrus
  • During the follicular phase (correct)
  • During the luteal phase

    • Which hormone drives oestrus by increasing oestradiol concentrations?

  • Testosterone
  • Oxytocin
  • Luteinizing hormone (correct)
  • Progesterone

    • In which species does oestrus occur without being preceded by the luteal phase?

    <p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cows and sows, how long does oestrus typically last?

    <p>1-2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species is the length of oestrus increased and often not linked to when she first showed signs of oestrus?

    <p>Bitches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does ovulation typically occur in cows and sows?

    <p>At the end or just after the end of oestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal when timing mating in relation to oestrus?

    <p>To ensure successful mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does oestrus occur in relation to the oestrous cycle?

    <p>At the beginning of the follicular phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oestradiol in driving oestrus?

    <p>To promote follicle development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is most commonly used for monitoring oestrus and ovulation in animals?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone triggers the LH surge and subsequently ovulation?

    <p>Oestradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is the ideal hormone to measure for predicting optimal chances of pregnancy in humans?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal time to mate the female animal?

    <p>Shortly before ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period when oocytes are available to be fertilized by sperm in most species?

    <p>Immediately after ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period when mating could result in pregnancy?

    <p>During oestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical tool for monitoring oestrus and ovulation in large animals?

    <p>Monitoring ovarian structures by ultrasonography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected size of an antral follicle in a cow when monitoring oestrus and ovulation?

    <p>Between 10-20 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected size of a follicle in a mare when monitoring oestrus and ovulation?

    <p>Between 40-50 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the rise in progesterone in a dog indicate?

    <p>Ovulation is imminent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key indicator that ovulation is imminent in mares?

    <p>The follicular wall will thicken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the mare?

    <p>Cervix is hard and narrow, uterus is smaller with increased tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in cervix and uterus under oestrogen dominance in the cow?

    <p>Cervix is narrow and tense, uterus is oedematous with increased tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the cow?

    <p>Cervix is flaccid and soft, uterus is flaccid with reduction in tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in vaginal cytology during late oestrus in dogs?

    <p>Majority of cells are large intermediate cells that are anuclear and cornified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pharmacologically controlling the time of ovulation in cows?

    <p>To time mating/artificial insemination accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone that directly induces ovulation in cows?

    <p>HCG (LH activity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly used method for controlling ovulation in cattle?

    <p>OvSynch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are largely seen in vaginal cytology during prooestrus in dogs?

    <p>Parabasal or small intermediate cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in follicular morphology as ovulation approaches?

    <p>It loses its turgidity and becomes more irregular in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key indicators that ovulation is imminent in mares?

    <p>Follicular shape changes, follicular wall thickens (luteinizes), and uterine tonicity changes throughout the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under oestrogen dominance in the mare?

    <p>Cervix is broad and soft, uterus is larger and oedematous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the mare?

    <p>Cervix is hard and narrow, uterus is smaller with increased tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under oestrogen dominance in the cow?

    <p>Cervix is narrow and tense, uterus is oedematous with increased tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic changes in cervix and uterus under progesterone dominance in the cow?

    <p>Cervix is flaccid and soft, uterus is flaccid with reduction in tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some considerations for the optimal time to mate male animals?

    <p>Introduction of a specific (high value) male, controlled mating through artificial insemination, monitoring for oestrus signs, synchronizing ovulation, and optimizing genetics for the offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the pre-ovulatory follicle growth maturation period in female animals?

    <p>It maximizes the production of oestradiol and ensures that the egg is fully mature, increasing the chances of fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can oocytes be fertilized in most species?

    <p>Oocytes can be fertilized immediately after ovulation, typically for a few hours, but in dogs it can be days due to the need for myosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some clinical tools available for monitoring oestrus and ovulation?

    <p>Monitoring hormones like progesterone, oestradiol, GnRH, and LH can provide insights into the timing of oestrus and ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some key indicators of ovulation in large animals?

    <p>Monitoring the ovaries through ultrasonography, checking for the presence of an active corpus luteum (CL), and assessing the size of follicles can help determine the timing of ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fertility and Breeding time: Oestrus is when the female becomes sexual receptive to the male. Can be preceded by a period of pro-oestrus and/or other clinical signs. What is the classic sign of oestrus in cows?

    <p>The classic sign of oestrus in cows is when the female 'stands to be mate by the male'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does oestrus occur in dogs?

    <p>In dogs, oestrus is not preceded by the luteal phase and occurs after lactational anoestrus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in oestrus and time of ovulation across species?

    <p>The timing of oestrus and ovulation varies across species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species have a relatively similar pattern of oestrus and ovulation?

    <p>Cows and sows have a relatively similar pattern of oestrus and ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species is the timing of oestrus and ovulation difficult to predict?

    <p>In mares and bitches, the timing of oestrus and ovulation is difficult to predict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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