Fertilisation Process

Fertilisation

• Process: Fertilisation occurs when a sperm penetrates the outer layer of the egg (zona pellucida) and fuses with the egg's nucleus.
• Location: Fertilisation typically takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
• Timing: Fertilisation usually occurs within 24 hours after ovulation.
• Sperm capacitation: Sperm must undergo capacitation, a process that enables them to penetrate the egg's zona pellucida.
• Fusion of gametes: The sperm's nucleus fuses with the egg's nucleus, resulting in a single cell with a complete set of chromosomes (zygote).

Implantation

• Process: Implantation is the process by which the fertilised egg (blastocyst) attaches to the uterine lining (endometrium).
• Timing: Implantation typically occurs 6-10 days after fertilisation.
• Location: Implantation usually takes place in the upper part of the uterus.
• Hormonal regulation: The hormone progesterone prepares the uterine lining for implantation by thickening the endometrium and promoting blood vessel growth.
• Adhesion molecules: The blastocyst produces adhesion molecules that facilitate attachment to the uterine lining.
• Trophectoderm: The outer layer of the blastocyst (trophectoderm) invades the uterine lining, establishing a connection between the embryo and the mother's bloodstream.
• Establishment of pregnancy: Successful implantation marks the establishment of a pregnancy, and the embryo begins to receive essential nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream.

Fertilisation

• Fertilisation occurs when a sperm penetrates the outer layer of the egg (zona pellucida) and fuses with the egg's nucleus, resulting in a single cell with a complete set of chromosomes (zygote).
• The process typically takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
• Fertilisation usually occurs within 24 hours after ovulation.
• Sperm must undergo capacitation, a process that enables them to penetrate the egg's zona pellucida.
• Capacitation is necessary for the sperm to fuse with the egg's nucleus.

Implantation

• Implantation is the process by which the fertilised egg (blastocyst) attaches to the uterine lining (endometrium).
• The process typically occurs 6-10 days after fertilisation.
• Implantation usually takes place in the upper part of the uterus.
• The hormone progesterone prepares the uterine lining for implantation by thickening the endometrium and promoting blood vessel growth.
• The blastocyst produces adhesion molecules that facilitate attachment to the uterine lining.
• The outer layer of the blastocyst (trophectoderm) invades the uterine lining, establishing a connection between the embryo and the mother's bloodstream.
• Successful implantation marks the establishment of a pregnancy, and the embryo begins to receive essential nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream.