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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of fermentation in biotechnology?
Fermentation in biotechnology is defined as the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller and simpler molecules using microorganisms.
What are the biochemical reactions involved in fermentation?
Biochemically, fermentation involves oxidation-reduction reactions, hydrolysis, condensation, and isomerization reactions.
What are some of the commonly used species of bacteria in fermentation?
Commonly used species of bacteria in fermentation include Acetobacterlacti, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter woodi, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas.
Name some of the commonly used species of algae in fermentation?
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Which are some of the commonly used species of fungi in fermentation?
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Study Notes
Fermentation in Biotechnology
- Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugars into energy, typically in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of ATP, NADH, and various by-products such as ethanol, lactic acid, and carbon dioxide.
Biochemical Reactions in Fermentation
- Glycolysis: conversion of glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH
- Pyruvate oxidation: pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
- Fermentative pathways: pyruvate is converted into various by-products, such as lactate, ethanol, or butyrate
Bacteria in Fermentation
- Escherichia coli (E. coli): commonly used in production of recombinant proteins, vaccines, and biofuels
- Bacillus subtilis: used in production of antibiotics, enzymes, and biofuels
- Lactobacillus plantarum: used in food fermentation, such as in sauerkraut, kimchi, and bread
Algae in Fermentation
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: used in production of biofuels, nutritional supplements, and animal feed
- Spirulina platensis: used in production of nutritional supplements, animal feed, and biofuels
- Dunaliella salina: used in production of beta-carotene, vitamins, and antioxidants
Fungi in Fermentation
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast): used in baking, brewing, and production of biofuels
- Aspergillus niger: used in production of citric acid, antibiotics, and enzymes
- Trichoderma reesei: used in production of enzymes, biofuels, and animal feed
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Description
Test your knowledge of fermentation technology in pharmaceutical biotechnology with this quiz. Explore the process of breaking down molecules using microorganisms and understand the role of fermentation in biotechnology. Assess your understanding of microbial growth and fermentation processes in pharmaceutical applications.
