30 Questions
What effect does the extent of cross-linking in the gel have on protein migration in gel electrophoresis?
Slows down the migration of proteins
In gel electrophoresis, why do compact globular proteins migrate faster than elongated proteins of comparable molecular weight?
They experience less resistance in the gel
What is the main application area of NATIVE-PAGE in gel electrophoresis?
Separating and detecting enzymes
In SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, what is determined about proteins in a given sample?
Molecular weights
What is the purpose of treating a protein sample with SDS in SDS-PAGE?
To break disulfide bonds
What happens to protein molecules when treated with SDS in gel electrophoresis?
Proteins undergo denaturation
Which of the following is NOT a basis for separating proteins in native-PAGE?
Molecular weight
In SDS-PAGE, what is the primary factor that determines the separation of proteins?
Size
What type of interaction is involved in nucleic acid hybridization?
Non-covalent, sequence-specific interactions
Which of the following combinations of nucleic acids can undergo hybridization?
All of the above
What is the purpose of a probe in blotting techniques?
To detect the molecule of interest
In SDS-PAGE, what happens to the proteins after treatment with SDS and reducing agents?
They are denatured and acquire the same charge, density, and shape
Which blotting technique is used to detect changes in specific DNA sequences?
Southern blot
Which blotting technique was developed by James Alwine, David Kemp, and George Stark in 1977?
Northern blot
What is the purpose of the Northern blot?
To detect the presence of specific RNA sequences
What is the difference in sample preparation between the Northern blot and the Southern blot?
The Northern blot sample must be denatured, while the Southern blot sample is used in its native state
What is the type of hybridization used in the Northern blot?
RNA-DNA hybridization
What is the relationship between transcription and translation?
Transcription is the production of an RNA copy from a DNA strand, and translation is the production of a functional gene product from that RNA
What type of radiation do unstable isotopes emit to reach a stable form?
Alpha rays
What is the most popular radioisotope used in tagging proteins?
125I
What are the colored end products of enzyme-substrate reactions in ELISA known as?
Chromogens
Which enzyme is commonly used as a tag in Western blotting to produce a yellow-orange end product?
Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)
What are the two most commonly used enzymes as tags or labels in protein detection?
Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)
What is the purpose of antibody probes in Western blotting?
To detect target proteins
What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
It assembles amino acids into proteins based on the mRNA sequence
What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
To carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
What is the relationship between a codon and an anticodon?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA, while an anticodon is its complementary sequence in tRNA
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
It describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins
What is the first step in the Northern blotting technique?
Isolate total RNA from target tissues
What is the purpose of Northern blotting?
To detect the presence and quantity of a specific RNA transcript
Learn about the migration of proteins in gel electrophoresis based on the size and shape of the proteins. Understand how the extent of cross-linking in the gel and average pore size affects the migration. Discover why compact globular proteins migrate faster than elongated proteins of similar molecular weight.
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