Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where are most of the wines in Veneto grown?
Where are most of the wines in Veneto grown?
What is Tuscany known for in the context of winemaking?
What is Tuscany known for in the context of winemaking?
What was Italy's first DOCG wine?
What was Italy's first DOCG wine?
What encouraged the production of premium vini da tavola throughout Italy?
What encouraged the production of premium vini da tavola throughout Italy?
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What is a characteristic of some premium wines in Tuscany?
What is a characteristic of some premium wines in Tuscany?
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What region borders Veneto to the west?
What region borders Veneto to the west?
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What is a notable wine from the Veneto region?
What is a notable wine from the Veneto region?
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What is the name of the region that borders Veneto to the east?
What is the name of the region that borders Veneto to the east?
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What is the primary function of yeast in winemaking?
What is the primary function of yeast in winemaking?
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What factors can control the fermentation process?
What factors can control the fermentation process?
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Why is fermentation a vital step in winemaking?
Why is fermentation a vital step in winemaking?
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What is the primary purpose of the aging and maturation step?
What is the primary purpose of the aging and maturation step?
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What are some of the vessels used for fermentation?
What are some of the vessels used for fermentation?
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What is the purpose of adding sulfur dioxide during winemaking?
What is the purpose of adding sulfur dioxide during winemaking?
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What occurs during the bottling and labeling step?
What occurs during the bottling and labeling step?
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Why is the aging and maturation step optional?
Why is the aging and maturation step optional?
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What does the term 'méthode champenoise' refer to in the process of wine production?
What does the term 'méthode champenoise' refer to in the process of wine production?
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What is the term for a wine trader or merchant?
What is the term for a wine trader or merchant?
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What is the vine disease that spread globally in the 19th century?
What is the vine disease that spread globally in the 19th century?
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What is the term for the process of draining wine off its lees into a fresh cask or vat?
What is the term for the process of draining wine off its lees into a fresh cask or vat?
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What is the term for a strong, sweet wine made in Italy from passito grapes?
What is the term for a strong, sweet wine made in Italy from passito grapes?
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What is the term for a German sparkling wine?
What is the term for a German sparkling wine?
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What is the term for a Spanish system of continually refreshing an established blend with new wine?
What is the term for a Spanish system of continually refreshing an established blend with new wine?
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What is the term for a German wine that is one step above Kabinett, but one below Auslese?
What is the term for a German wine that is one step above Kabinett, but one below Auslese?
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What is the primary grape variety in a typical Right Bank Bordeaux blend?
What is the primary grape variety in a typical Right Bank Bordeaux blend?
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What is the purpose of the Crus Bourgeois classification?
What is the purpose of the Crus Bourgeois classification?
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How often is the Crus Classés de Saint-Émilion classification revisited?
How often is the Crus Classés de Saint-Émilion classification revisited?
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What is the name of the classification that covers producers in Graves?
What is the name of the classification that covers producers in Graves?
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In what year was the Crus Classés de 1855 classification established?
In what year was the Crus Classés de 1855 classification established?
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What is the focus of the Crus Artisans classification?
What is the focus of the Crus Artisans classification?
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Which grape variety is considered to be unique to New Zealand?
Which grape variety is considered to be unique to New Zealand?
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What is unique about New Zealand's wine industry?
What is unique about New Zealand's wine industry?
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What region in South Africa is mentioned as experiencing a growth in wine production?
What region in South Africa is mentioned as experiencing a growth in wine production?
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Why have California's finest wines become 'a victim of their own success'?
Why have California's finest wines become 'a victim of their own success'?
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What is the predicted outcome for the South African wine industry in the next couple of decades?
What is the predicted outcome for the South African wine industry in the next couple of decades?
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What is unique about New Zealand's Sauvignon Blanc?
What is unique about New Zealand's Sauvignon Blanc?
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What is the challenge facing California's finest wines?
What is the challenge facing California's finest wines?
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What is the current state of the South African wine industry?
What is the current state of the South African wine industry?
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Study Notes
Winemaking Process
- Yeast consumes sugar in juice to produce alcohol, carbon dioxide, and other byproducts during fermentation.
- Fermentation can be controlled by temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels.
- Fermentation can be stopped or restarted by cooling, filtering, or adding sulfur dioxide.
- Fermentation takes place in various vessels, such as stainless steel tanks, oak barrels, or concrete eggs.
Aging and Maturation
- Wine is stored and aged for a period to improve its quality and complexity.
- Aging and maturation can be done in different vessels, such as oak barrels, stainless steel tanks, or bottles.
- Aging and maturation may involve processes like malolactic fermentation, racking, fining, filtering, or blending.
- Aging and maturation is an optional step, as some wines are meant to be consumed young, while others benefit from aging.
Bottling and Labeling
- Wine is transferred into bottles and sealed with a closure, such as a cork, screw cap, or synthetic stopper.
- Bottling and labeling may involve adding additives like sulfur dioxide, sugar, or acid to adjust the wine's stability and balance.
Bordeaux Blends
- A typical Libournais Bordeaux blend consists of Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Cru Classifications of Bordeaux.
- There are several classifications of Bordeaux wines across the region, including Crus Artisans, Crus Bourgeois, Crus Classés de Graves, and Crus Classés de Saint-Émilion.
Wine Regions
- Veneto, Italy, is known for its Valpolicella and Soave, as well as Bordeaux-type blends.
- Tuscany, Italy, is home to traditional winemaking and is the main focus of experimentation.
- New Zealand is famous for its Sauvignon Blanc, which is undeniably a class apart from the same grape grown anywhere else in the world.
- South Africa's wine industry has experienced significant growth and experimentation in recent years.
- California, USA, produces high-quality wines that can stand shoulder-to-shoulder with equivalent wines from classic regions of France.
Wine Terms
- Méthode Champenoise is the process of producing effervescence through a secondary fermentation in the same bottle.
- Mousseux is a French term that literally means "sparkling."
- Négociant is a French term that refers to a trader or merchant who negotiates with growers and wholesalers.
- Phylloxera is a vine louse that spread from America to virtually every viticultural region in the world during the late 19th century.
- Pouilly-Fumé is a wine made from the Sauvignon Blanc grape grown in the Loire Valley.
- Pouilly-Fuissé is a wine made from the Chardonnay grape from Burgundy's Maconnais region.
- Premier Cru is a French term that literally means "First Growth," and is of relevance only in areas where it is controlled, such as Burgundy and Champagne.
- Racking is the process of draining a wine off its lees into a fresh cask or vat.
- Recioto is a strong, sweet wine made in Italy from passito grapes.
- Sekt is a German term that simply means "sparkling wine."
- Solera is a system of continually refreshing an established blend with a small amount of new wine to achieve a wine of consistent quality and character.
- Spätlese is a German term that refers to a QmP wine that is one step above Kabinett but one below Auslese.
- Spumante is an Italian sparkling white wine.
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Description
Learn about the fermentation process, how yeast consumes sugar and produces alcohol, and how it can be controlled by temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels.
