Female Reproductive Tract - Key Structures and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries?

  • Support pregnancy
  • Transport sperm
  • Produce gametes and hormones (correct)
  • Secrete cervical mucus
  • Which structure serves as the site of embryo fertilization?

  • Cervix
  • Vagina
  • Oviducts (correct)
  • Uterus
  • What are the main components of the broad ligament?

  • Mesometrium, Mesosalpinx, Mesovarium (correct)
  • Uterine artery, Ovarian artery, Vaginal artery
  • Granulosa cells, Theca externa, Theca intera
  • Paramesonephric ducts, Oviducts, Uterus
  • What is the role of the cervix during pregnancy?

    <p>Create a cervical plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the follicle is characterized by the presence of an antrum filled with follicular fluid?

    <p>Developing Antral (tertiary)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mesovarium?

    <p>Attaches to and supports the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional outcome of the utero-ovarian ligament?

    <p>Attaches the ovary to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is NOT part of an antral follicle?

    <p>Cervical layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Female Reproductive Tract - Key Structures and Functions

    • Ovaries: Produce female gametes (ova) and hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
    • Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): Transport gametes, site of fertilization, embryo attachment and development.
    • Uterus: Transports sperm, supports pregnancy, expels the fetus, produces hormones.
    • Cervix: Physical barrier to the uterus; secretes mucous (varies with cycle), forms cervical plug during pregnancy.
    • Vagina/Vestibule/Vulva: Organ of copulation.
    • Mammary Glands: Nourish the newborn.

    Uterine Development

    • Formed by fusion of paramesonephric ducts (PD) and urogenital sinus (UGS).

    Broad Ligament Function

    • Supports and suspends ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina.
    • Continuation of peritoneum, houses blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
    • Composed of three main parts:
      • Mesovarium: Attaches and supports the ovary; contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves at the hilus.
      • Mesosalpinx: Supports the oviduct, forms a bursa-like structure around ovary, and positions infundibulum during ovulation.
      • Mesometrium: Supports the uterine horns and body.

    Ovary-Uterus Attachment

    • Utero-ovarian ligament: Connects ovary to uterus. Supported by the mesovarium.

    Ovary Functions

    • Produce female gametes (ova).
    • Produce hormones estrogen and progesterone.

    Follicle Development Stages

    • Primordial: Smallest, most immature follicle.
    • Primary: Oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cells.
    • Secondary: Extra cell layers, no cavity, surrounded by zona pellucida.
    • Developing Antral (Tertiary): Similar to secondary, but contains an antrum filled with follicular fluid.
    • Antral (Graafian): Mature tertiary follicle, preovulatory follicle.

    Antral Follicle Layers

    • Granulosa cell layer: Surrounds the oocyte.
    • Theca interna: Layer of cells inside theca externa.
    • Theca externa: Outer layer of connective tissue.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the key structures and functions of the female reproductive tract, highlighting the roles of various organs such as the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Additionally, it covers aspects of uterine development and the broad ligament's function. Test your knowledge on female reproductive anatomy and physiology!

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