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Questions and Answers
What is the developmental stage of the primary oocyte within primordial follicles?
What is the developmental stage of the primary oocyte within primordial follicles?
What type of cells surround the primary oocyte in a primordial follicle?
What type of cells surround the primary oocyte in a primordial follicle?
How long can the primary oocyte remain arrested in meiosis I?
How long can the primary oocyte remain arrested in meiosis I?
What occurs when primordial follicles develop into primary follicles?
What occurs when primordial follicles develop into primary follicles?
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What is a unilaminar primary follicle?
What is a unilaminar primary follicle?
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What is the primary distinguishing feature of the secondary (antral) follicle?
What is the primary distinguishing feature of the secondary (antral) follicle?
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Which layer is secreted by the primary oocyte between itself and the granulosa cells?
Which layer is secreted by the primary oocyte between itself and the granulosa cells?
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What role does oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) play in the secondary follicle?
What role does oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) play in the secondary follicle?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding granulosa cells in primary follicles?
Which of the following statements is true regarding granulosa cells in primary follicles?
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Which of the following best describes the theca interna in secondary follicles?
Which of the following best describes the theca interna in secondary follicles?
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What is the surrounding connective tissue of the ovarian cortex called?
What is the surrounding connective tissue of the ovarian cortex called?
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What composes the liquor folliculi found in the antrum?
What composes the liquor folliculi found in the antrum?
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Which structure immediately surrounds the oocyte at ovulation in the secondary follicle?
Which structure immediately surrounds the oocyte at ovulation in the secondary follicle?
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How does the theca interna respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation?
How does the theca interna respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation?
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What is the main component of the zona pellucida?
What is the main component of the zona pellucida?
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Which types of cells are found in the theca externa layer of the secondary follicle?
Which types of cells are found in the theca externa layer of the secondary follicle?
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What is the primary process that leads to the degeneration of follicles in the ovary?
What is the primary process that leads to the degeneration of follicles in the ovary?
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What is the significance of the zona pellucida in atretic follicles?
What is the significance of the zona pellucida in atretic follicles?
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Which of the following changes does NOT occur in atretic follicles?
Which of the following changes does NOT occur in atretic follicles?
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During the development of larger atretic follicles, which of the following structural changes occurs?
During the development of larger atretic follicles, which of the following structural changes occurs?
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What are the main functions of the uterine tube (oviduct)?
What are the main functions of the uterine tube (oviduct)?
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Which structure is NOT a part of the uterine tube?
Which structure is NOT a part of the uterine tube?
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What primarily distinguishes atretic follicles from the corpus albicans?
What primarily distinguishes atretic follicles from the corpus albicans?
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What is one feature of the atretic follicles that can be histologically recognized?
What is one feature of the atretic follicles that can be histologically recognized?
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What type of connective tissue is primarily found within the lobules of the mammary gland?
What type of connective tissue is primarily found within the lobules of the mammary gland?
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Which cells are present between the epithelial lining and basal lamina in the inactive mammary gland?
Which cells are present between the epithelial lining and basal lamina in the inactive mammary gland?
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During the inactive phase, what is primarily present within the lobules of the mammary gland?
During the inactive phase, what is primarily present within the lobules of the mammary gland?
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What triggers minor changes in the inactive breast associated with the uterine cycle?
What triggers minor changes in the inactive breast associated with the uterine cycle?
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What type of epithelium lines the intralobular ducts during pregnancy?
What type of epithelium lines the intralobular ducts during pregnancy?
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What is the primary effect of estrogen during pregnancy on the mammary gland?
What is the primary effect of estrogen during pregnancy on the mammary gland?
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Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of secretory alveoli in the mammary gland during pregnancy?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of secretory alveoli in the mammary gland during pregnancy?
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What structural changes occur in the mammary gland during pregnancy?
What structural changes occur in the mammary gland during pregnancy?
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What role do the fimbriae play during ovulation?
What role do the fimbriae play during ovulation?
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Where does fertilization typically occur in the uterine tube?
Where does fertilization typically occur in the uterine tube?
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What type of epithelium composes the mucosa of the uterine tube?
What type of epithelium composes the mucosa of the uterine tube?
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During which phase of the uterine cycle do the epithelial cells undergo hypertrophy?
During which phase of the uterine cycle do the epithelial cells undergo hypertrophy?
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What effect does estrogen have on the epithelial cells during the uterine cycle?
What effect does estrogen have on the epithelial cells during the uterine cycle?
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What structure is characterized as the narrow region of the uterine tube near the uterine wall?
What structure is characterized as the narrow region of the uterine tube near the uterine wall?
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What is the primary function of peg cells found in the uterine tube?
What is the primary function of peg cells found in the uterine tube?
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How does the height of the epithelium change leading up to menstruation?
How does the height of the epithelium change leading up to menstruation?
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What causes the enlargement of the breast during lactation?
What causes the enlargement of the breast during lactation?
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What histological change occurs in the lactating mammary gland compared to the proliferative gland?
What histological change occurs in the lactating mammary gland compared to the proliferative gland?
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What type of epithelium makes up the alveoli and intralobular ducts of lactating mammary glands?
What type of epithelium makes up the alveoli and intralobular ducts of lactating mammary glands?
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How are milk proteins released from the secretory cells of the alveoli?
How are milk proteins released from the secretory cells of the alveoli?
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What is characteristic of the secretory cells of the alveoli in lactating mammary glands?
What is characteristic of the secretory cells of the alveoli in lactating mammary glands?
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What type of secretion results in the release of the lipid component of milk?
What type of secretion results in the release of the lipid component of milk?
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Which immune cells are known to infiltrate the connective tissue during lactation?
Which immune cells are known to infiltrate the connective tissue during lactation?
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What happens to the amount of connective tissue in the breast as secretory alveoli grow?
What happens to the amount of connective tissue in the breast as secretory alveoli grow?
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive System - Learning Objectives
- Describe the microanatomy and function of the ovary
- Detail the histological organization of the ovary, starting with mesothelium
- Outline the two major hormones produced by the ovary and their function
- Detail the process of oogenesis
- Describe the histological organization of primordial follicles, including their stage in meiosis
- Describe the histological organization of primary follicles, including their stage in meiosis
- Explain the relationship between granulosa cells and oocytes
- Detail the mechanism of meiotic arrest
- Describe the histological organization of secondary follicles (antral follicles), including their stage in meiosis
- Explain the functional roles of theca interna and granulosa cells during oogenesis
- Describe the role of the hypophysis in controlling ovarian endocrine function
- Describe the histological organization of Graafian (mature) follicles, including their stage in meiosis
- Describe the changes in endocrine secretions and meiosis in Graafian follicles
- Outline the process of ovulation
- Describe the microanatomy and function of a corpus luteum
- Describe the endocrine secretions and function of the corpus luteum
- Describe the fate of the corpus luteum
- Describe atretic follicles
- Describe the microanatomy and function of the oviduct (uterine tube)
- Detail the histological organization of the oviduct and its role in reproduction
- Describe how oviduct histology changes with the uterine cycle
- Explain the connection between oviductal histological changes and ovarian function
- Describe the microanatomy and function of the uterus
- Detail the histological organization of the uterine wall
- Contrast the functions of the two layers of the uterine endometrium
- Describe the blood supply of the uterine endometrium
- Detail the sequence of histological changes in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and their cellular basis
- Describe the hormonal control of the uterine endometrium
- Describe the microanatomy and function of the cervix
- Detail the changes in the epithelium of the cervix from uterus to vagina
- Describe the glands in the cervix and how their secretions change during the menstrual cycle
- Describe the microanatomy and function of the vagina
- Explain the histological organization of the vagina
- Compare and contrast the histological organization of the vaginal wall to the esophagus
- Describe the microanatomy and function of the mammary gland
- Describe the histological organization of the inactive mammary gland
- Describe the histological organization of the active mammary gland and contrast it with the inactive gland
- Describe the histological organization of the lactating mammary gland and contrast it with the active gland
- Describe the products released by secretory alveolar cells and their modes of secretion
- Describe the role of hormones in postnatal mammary gland development and lactation control
Lecture Content Outline
- Ovaries
- Primordial follicles
- Primary follicles
- Secondary (antral) follicles
- Graafian (mature) follicles
- Corpus luteum
- Atretic follicles
- Uterine tube (Oviduct)
- Function
- Regions
- Layers of wall
- Uterus
- Function
- Regions
- Layers of wall
- Components of endometrium
- Layers of endometrium
- Endometrial blood vessels
- Uterine (endometrial, menstrual) cycle
- Description
- Three phases of cycle
- Proliferative (follicular) stage
- Secretory (luteal) phase
- Menstrual (ischemic) phase
- Cervix
- Vagina
- Mammary gland
- Inactive (nonpregnant) gland
- Active (pregnant) gland
- Lactating mammary gland
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Description
Test your knowledge on the female reproductive system, specifically focusing on the microanatomy and function of the ovary. This quiz covers key topics such as oogenesis, histological organization of follicles, and hormonal functions. Assess your understanding of the critical roles of different cell types and hormones involved in ovarian function.
