Female Reproductive System Pathology and Disorders of Sexual Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a true hermaphrodite?

  • The karyotype is XX
  • The karyotype is XY
  • Feminine internal and external genitalia
  • The presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of a male pseudohermaphrodite?

  • The karyotype is XY (correct)
  • The presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue
  • The karyotype is XX
  • Feminine internal and external genitalia

Which of the following is a characteristic of a female pseudohermaphrodite?

  • The karyotype is XY
  • Feminine internal and external genitalia
  • The presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue
  • The karyotype is XX (correct)

Which of the following is the most common tumor in the sex cord-stromal group?

<p>Granulosa cell tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for acute or chronic suppurative infection of the uterus with accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen?

<p>Pyometra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is the most common cause of bovine mastitis?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen can cause mononuclear interstitial mastitis in ewes?

<p>Maedi Visna virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation limited to the endometrium?

<p>Endometritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm is most commonly found in the uterus of cows?

<p>Leiomyoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm can occur in the external genitalia of cattle?

<p>Fibropapilloma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mammary tumour in dogs represents more than half of mammary masses and often has an epithelial and mixed myoepithelial/mesenchymal component?

<p>Benign mammary tumours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a negative prognostic factor for mammary carcinomas in dogs?

<p>High nuclear grade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dogs, which type of mammary tumour is characterized by multifocal infiltration of the stroma and a lack of tubule formation?

<p>Simple canine mammary carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cats, what percentage of mammary carcinomas are intermediate or high grade?

<p>75-90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mammary tumour in dogs has well differentiated margins, minimal anisokaryosis/pleomorphism, and a low mitotic index?

<p>Benign mammary tumours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the negative prognostic factors for mammary carcinomas in dogs?

<p>Stromal invasion and neoplastic emboli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mammary tumour in dogs is much less heterogeneous and does not have a myoepithelial or mesenchymal component?

<p>Mammary carcinomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the grading system for mammary carcinomas in dogs based on?

<p>Differentiation, tubule formation, and nuclear pleomorphism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of mammary tumour in dogs?

<p>Benign mammary tumours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histological appearance of benign mammary tumours in dogs?

<p>Minimal anisokaryosis, pleomorphism, and anisocyosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during normal sexual development?

<p>Establishment of sex chromosomes, modelling of embryonic gonadal tissue, establishment of genital phenotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered when classifying disorders of sexual development?

<p>Number of offspring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about mammals with XX sex chromosomes and abnormal sexual development?

<p>The majority are normal females with minor anomalies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chimerism?

<p>An organism whose cells are derived from two or more zygotes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common manifestation of chimerism in bovines?

<p>Freemartinism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Gene Sex Determining region on Y (SRY) in sexual development?

<p>It is the testis determining gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of disorders of sexual development based on?

<p>Karyotype, gonadal type, genital phenotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an organism whose cells are derived from two or more zygotes?

<p>Chimera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when classifying disorders of sexual development?

<p>Number of offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common manifestation of chimerism in bovines?

<p>Freemartinism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the histological characteristics of benign mammary tumours in dogs?

<p>Well differentiated margins, lack of invasion, minimal anisokaryosis/pleomorphism, and a low mitotic index.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the negative prognostic factors for mammary carcinomas in dogs?

<p>Anaplasia, high nuclear grade, high mitotic rate, stromal invasion, and presence of neoplastic emboli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of mammary carcinomas in cats?

<p>Tubulopapillary, solid, or cribriform carcinomas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the histological appearance of complex mammary adenoma in dogs.

<p>Small glands scattered in a very abundant myxoid matrix containing myoepithelial cells related to spindloid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of simple canine mammary carcinoma in dogs?

<p>Multifocal infiltration of the stroma, lack of tubule formation, and disordered growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis?

<p>Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Serratia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common pathogens that cause mastitis in ewe and goat?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus, Mannheimia haemolytica, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, T-pyogenes, Mycoplasma agalactiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common pathogens that cause mononuclear interstitial mastitis in ewes?

<p>Maedi Visna virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common types of neoplasms in the uterus?

<p>Smooth muscle tumors (leiomyoma), endometrial carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common types of neoplasms in the external genitalia?

<p>Smooth muscle tumors (leiomyoma), Canine transmissible venereal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, Fibropapilloma of the vulva</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three sequential series of events that occur during normal sexual development?

<ol> <li>Establishment of sex chromosomes (at fertilization). XX or XY. The Gene Sex Determining region on Y (SRY) is the testis determining gene. 2. Modelling of embryonic gonadal tissue. 3. Control, regression, and growth of different parts of the indifferent tubular and external genital tissues (the female or male phenotype).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How is the classification of disorders of sexual development determined?

<p>The classification of disorders of sexual development is based on whether the karyotype is abnormal or normal and requires an assessment of sex chromosomes, the presence or absence of genes such as the sex determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY), gonadal type, and genital phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chimerism and what is the most common example of chimerism in mammals?

<p>Chimerism refers to an organism whose cells are derived from two or more zygotes. The most common example of chimerism in mammals is bovine freemartinism, where a genetic female is born co-twin with a male and is believed to be sterilized by testis-determining factors carried by the bloodstream via the placental anastomoses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of disorders of sexual development in mammals with XX sex chromosomes?

<p>Examples of disorders of sexual development in mammals with XX sex chromosomes include normal females with minor anomalies such as cystic remnants of ducts or tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Gene Sex Determining region on Y (SRY) in sexual development?

<p>The Gene Sex Determining region on Y (SRY) is the testis determining gene that is responsible for the establishment of the male phenotype during sexual development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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