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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
Which part of the fallopian tube is where fertilization typically occurs?
Which part of the fallopian tube is where fertilization typically occurs?
What is the function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
What is the function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
What part of the uterus is the rounded upper portion known as?
What part of the uterus is the rounded upper portion known as?
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What condition may occur when implantation of a fertilized ovum occurs outside the uterine cavity?
What condition may occur when implantation of a fertilized ovum occurs outside the uterine cavity?
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Which hormone is NOT produced by the ovaries?
Which hormone is NOT produced by the ovaries?
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What is the part of the uterus that connects to the vagina called?
What is the part of the uterus that connects to the vagina called?
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What structure produces blood vessels and connective tissue within the ovaries?
What structure produces blood vessels and connective tissue within the ovaries?
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How long is each fallopian tube?
How long is each fallopian tube?
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Which part of the fallopian tube is the narrowest?
Which part of the fallopian tube is the narrowest?
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What is the outer layer of the uterus called?
What is the outer layer of the uterus called?
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Which arteries supply blood to the uterus?
Which arteries supply blood to the uterus?
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What is the main function of the uterus during labor?
What is the main function of the uterus during labor?
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What is the role of the endometrium layer of the uterus?
What is the role of the endometrium layer of the uterus?
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Which structure surrounds the cervix in the vagina?
Which structure surrounds the cervix in the vagina?
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Which organs are located anteriorly and posteriorly to the uterus?
Which organs are located anteriorly and posteriorly to the uterus?
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What primarily composes the external genitalia of females, known as the vulva?
What primarily composes the external genitalia of females, known as the vulva?
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What is the usual position of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina?
What is the usual position of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina?
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What is the function of the vaginal opening known as the vestibule?
What is the function of the vaginal opening known as the vestibule?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the female external genitalia?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the female external genitalia?
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive System
- The female reproductive system comprises various organs, including ovaries, uterine/fallopian tubes, the uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands.
Ovaries
- Almond/oval-shaped, located on the side wall of the pelvis.
- Attached to the broad ligament and to the upper angle of the uterus by ligaments.
- Composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla
- The cortex contains ovarian follicles which develop into oocytes.
- The medulla contains connective tissue and blood vessels.
- Function to produce ova (one mature ovum every month) and hormones estrogen and progesterone.
- These hormones control the menstrual cycle in the uterus.
Uterine/Fallopian Tubes
- 10 cm long, attached to each side of the uterus.
- Composed of the infundibulum (funnel-shaped end with fimbriae), ampulla (widest part), and isthmus (narrow part that opens into the uterus).
- Intramural part is the segment that pierces the uterine wall.
- Function to catch the released ovum after ovulation, providing a site for fertilization (typically in the ampulla).
- Transport the fertilized ovum to the cavity of the uterus, providing nourishment to the developing fertilized ovum.
Uterus
- Pear-shaped, thick-walled organ.
- Consist of the body (upper 2/3rds), fundus (rounded upper part of the body), and cervix (lower, narrow part).
- The cervix opens into the vagina.
- The internal opening is called internal os.
- The external opening is called external os.
- Covered by peritoneum which extends laterally as the broad ligament.
- Has three layers: perimetrium (outer), myometrium (middle smooth muscle), endometrium (inner epithelial layer that changes during the menstrual cycle).
Vagina
- Muscular tube, 10 cm long.
- Lies between the base of the bladder and urethra anteriorly, and the rectum posteriorly.
- Extends from the vestibule to the lower part of the cervix.
- Anterior and posterior walls are normally in contact.
- The upper part (fornix) surrounds the cervix.
- Opens into the vestibule.
- Supplied by vaginal branches of uterine and internal iliac arteries.
External Genitalia (Vulva)
- Portion of the female genitalia external to the hymen.
- Consists of labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibule, and hymen (membrane partially closing the vaginal orifice).
Breast (Mammary Glands)
- Not genital organs, but their development and function are related to female hormones.
- Located in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region, extending vertically from the 2nd to 6th ribs.
- Located between the sternum and the axilla.
- Composed of mammary glands, lactiferous ducts, fat, suspensor ligaments, nipple and areola.
Pelvic Floor
- A group of muscles that support pelvic organs.
- Plays a crucial role in childbirth, supporting and rotating the baby's head during labor.
Female Pelvis
- Broader than the male pelvis, important for delivery.
- Pelvic diameters are judged to determine adequate baby passage.
Clinical Anatomy (Ectopic Pregnancy)
- Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity.
- Typically occurs in the fallopian tube.
- Can cause tubal abortion or rupture, leading to bleeding into the peritoneal cavity.
- Causes severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding.
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Description
Explore the anatomy and functions of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries and uterine tubes. Learn about the role these organs play in reproduction and hormone production. This quiz covers essential details for understanding female reproductive health.
