Female Reproductive System 2023 PDF

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr. Khulood Al-Khater Dept. of Anatomy What are the organs? Parts of female reproductive system The female reproductive system consists of the following 1. Ovaries 2. Uterine or fallopian tubes 3. Uterus...

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr. Khulood Al-Khater Dept. of Anatomy What are the organs? Parts of female reproductive system The female reproductive system consists of the following 1. Ovaries 2. Uterine or fallopian tubes 3. Uterus 4. vagina 5. External genitalia 6. Breast or mammary gland.  Structure: - OVARY Ovary has two parts: The ovaries are almond/oval outer cortex shaped and lie on the side wall of inner medulla the pelvis. It is attached to the Ovarian follicles are present in broad ligament and to the upper the cortex and these form the angle of the uterus by ligament of oocytes. Medulla has the ovary connective tissue and blood vessels. Functions of the ovaries: - The functions of the ovaries are 1) To produce the ova (one mature ovum every month). 2) produce two hormones Estrogen Progesterone Which control the menstrual cycles in the uterus. Blood supply of the ovary by ovarian artery  FALLOPIAN TUBE The fallopian tube is 10 cm. long. One tube is attached to each side of the uterus. Each tube has following parts Infundibulum: - which is the expanded funnel shaped end with finger like processes known as fimbriae. Its lateral end lies near the ovary. Ampulla: - is the widest part of the tube Isthmus: - is the narrow part that opens into the uterus. The fallopian tube lies within the broad ligament of the uterus Intramural part: Is the segment that pierces the uterine wall FUNCTIONS: - 1.The tube catches the ovum after ovulation. 2.It provides the place for fertilization which occurs in the ampulla of the tube. 3.It provides nourishment for the fertilized ovum and transports it to the cavity of the uterus.  Clinical anatomy Ectopic pregnancy/ Tubal pregnancy Implantation and growth of a fertilized ovum may occur outside the uterine cavity in the wall of the uterine tube. Tubal abortion or rupture of the tube, with the effusion of a large quantity of blood into the peritoneal cavity. Giving rise to severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding. UTERUS 3 in. long Parts of uterus The uterus has the following parts: Body which is the upper 2/3rd of the uterus having a cavity inside. The rounded upper part of the body is called fundus. Cervix is the lower and narrow part of the uterus. It opens into the vagina by an opening called external os. The uterus is covered with peritoneum, which extends laterally as the broad ligament. WALL OF THE UTERUS A pear-shaped thick walled organ. It has : Three layers: 1) Perimetrium : outer connective tissue layer covered with peritoneum 2) Myometrium: middle muscular layer of smooth muscle. 3) Endometrium: innermost epithelial layer that undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle. Blood supply of the uterus Uterus is supplied by uterine, ovarian and The ovarian artery arises from the abdominal aorta. The vaginal arteries. The veins form a plexus which uterine and vaginal arteries are branches of the internal drains into internal iliac vein iliac artery Relations Anterior: urinary bladder, Posterior: rectum & rectouterine pouch uterovesical pouch with sigmoid colon and coils of small intestine FUNCTIONS OF THE UTERUS Implantation in the uterus 1- Retains the fertilized ovum during its Stages of labor & development. delivery 2- During labor the uterine muscle contracts strongly, the cervix dilates and baby is pushed out.  VAGINA Muscular tube. 10 cm long. It lies between the base of the bladder and urethra anteriorly and rectum posteriorly. Extends from the vestibule to the lower part of the cervix. Normally the anterior and posterior walls are in contact with each other. The upper part surrounds the cervix which projects into the anterior wall of the vagina. This upper part is known as VAGINAL FORNIX. The vagina opens into the vestibule. Blood supply: vaginal branches from the uterine and internal iliac arteries.  EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA) The portion of the female external genitalia external to the hymen is known as vulva. It consists of: 1.labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris. 2.Vestibule which is the space between the labia minora. The vagina and urethra open into it. 3.Hymen which is a membrane partially closing the vaginal orifice in the virgins.  BREAST The mammary glands are not genital organ but their development and functional state are directly related to the female hormones. They lie in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region between the sternum and the axilla and extending vertically from the 2nd to the 6ixth ribs vertically. Female pelvis The female pelvis is broader than the male pelvis. It plays important part during delivery by providing a passage for the baby. The diameters of the pelvis must be judged to determine whether it is adequate for the passage of baby’s head.  THE PELVIC FLOOR The pelvic floor formed of many muscles also has an important role in childbirth. The floor supports the pelvic organs and rotates the head of the baby during labor. THANK YOU