Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the structure located at the anterior junction of the labia minora?
What is the structure located at the anterior junction of the labia minora?
- Hymen
- Bartholin’s gland
- Clitoris (correct)
- Mons pubis
What part of the female external genitalia is covered with hair after puberty?
What part of the female external genitalia is covered with hair after puberty?
- Mons pubis (correct)
- Clitoral hood
- Vaginal orifice
- Labia minora
Which structure is primarily involved in secreting fluids into the female urethra?
Which structure is primarily involved in secreting fluids into the female urethra?
- Clitoris
- Skene’s glands (correct)
- Labia majora
- Bartholin’s gland
Where is the urethral meatus located relative to the clitoris?
Where is the urethral meatus located relative to the clitoris?
What structure forms the posterior boundary of the vestibule?
What structure forms the posterior boundary of the vestibule?
What is the primary function of the labia majora?
What is the primary function of the labia majora?
Which of the following structures is not part of the vulva?
Which of the following structures is not part of the vulva?
Which structure connects the anterior and posterior labial structures?
Which structure connects the anterior and posterior labial structures?
What does the term 'Gravida' refer to in obstetrics?
What does the term 'Gravida' refer to in obstetrics?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom typically associated with menopause?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom typically associated with menopause?
What is 'dysuria'?
What is 'dysuria'?
What is an adverse effect commonly associated with hormone replacement therapy?
What is an adverse effect commonly associated with hormone replacement therapy?
What characterizes stress incontinence?
What characterizes stress incontinence?
What does a Pap test primarily screen for?
What does a Pap test primarily screen for?
Which of the following statements about vaginal discharge is true?
Which of the following statements about vaginal discharge is true?
What is the purpose of assessing self-care behaviors in patients?
What is the purpose of assessing self-care behaviors in patients?
How does perimenopause typically present itself?
How does perimenopause typically present itself?
What potential risk is associated with the use of talcum powder in the genital area?
What potential risk is associated with the use of talcum powder in the genital area?
What does 'hematuria' indicate?
What does 'hematuria' indicate?
What factors can increase the risk of developing vaginitis?
What factors can increase the risk of developing vaginitis?
What is the psychological effect some women may fear after a hysterectomy?
What is the psychological effect some women may fear after a hysterectomy?
Which description best matches 'urgency incontinence'?
Which description best matches 'urgency incontinence'?
What is the primary function of the Bartholin’s glands?
What is the primary function of the Bartholin’s glands?
What term describes the meeting point of the smooth, pink stratified squamous epithelium and the columnar epithelium in the cervix?
What term describes the meeting point of the smooth, pink stratified squamous epithelium and the columnar epithelium in the cervix?
Which structure is described as a thin, circular fold that may cover part of the vaginal orifice?
Which structure is described as a thin, circular fold that may cover part of the vaginal orifice?
At what stage of sexual maturity does breast and pubic hair development typically begin in girls?
At what stage of sexual maturity does breast and pubic hair development typically begin in girls?
How long is the vagina in an average adult woman?
How long is the vagina in an average adult woman?
What is a typical dimension of the uterus in an adult woman?
What is a typical dimension of the uterus in an adult woman?
What physiological changes typically occur in the cervix during early pregnancy?
What physiological changes typically occur in the cervix during early pregnancy?
What is considered a sign of labor known as the 'bloody show'?
What is considered a sign of labor known as the 'bloody show'?
Which of the following structures is located posterior to the vaginal orifice?
Which of the following structures is located posterior to the vaginal orifice?
What is one of the first signs of puberty in girls?
What is one of the first signs of puberty in girls?
What anatomical position does the uterus typically take in a nonpregnant woman?
What anatomical position does the uterus typically take in a nonpregnant woman?
What is the length of the fallopian tubes in an average adult woman?
What is the length of the fallopian tubes in an average adult woman?
Which of the following events occurs after menarche?
Which of the following events occurs after menarche?
What change in the cervical canal happens during pregnancy?
What change in the cervical canal happens during pregnancy?
What is the duration after which infertility is considered in women?
What is the duration after which infertility is considered in women?
Which of the following STI prevention methods offers protection against HIV?
Which of the following STI prevention methods offers protection against HIV?
What sign might indicate a child is being sexually abused?
What sign might indicate a child is being sexually abused?
What is a potential red flag indicating human trafficking?
What is a potential red flag indicating human trafficking?
Which symptom might indicate a genital problem in a child?
Which symptom might indicate a genital problem in a child?
Which statement about oral contraceptives and smoking is accurate?
Which statement about oral contraceptives and smoking is accurate?
When should a health provider perform a full assessment for human trafficking?
When should a health provider perform a full assessment for human trafficking?
What is a recommended approach when discussing puberty with a child?
What is a recommended approach when discussing puberty with a child?
What is a recommended practice for discussing sexual activity with adolescents?
What is a recommended practice for discussing sexual activity with adolescents?
What should health care providers assess regarding a child's urination?
What should health care providers assess regarding a child's urination?
What role does Lactobacillus acidophilus play in vaginal health during pregnancy?
What role does Lactobacillus acidophilus play in vaginal health during pregnancy?
What should a nurse refrain from doing when assessing sexual behavior in young children?
What should a nurse refrain from doing when assessing sexual behavior in young children?
What is the typical age range for the onset of menopause?
What is the typical age range for the onset of menopause?
Which of these actions helps in assessing a patient's risk for STIs?
Which of these actions helps in assessing a patient's risk for STIs?
What is a crucial factor for women when discussing contraceptive options?
What is a crucial factor for women when discussing contraceptive options?
What happens to the uterus during menopause as estrogen levels decrease?
What happens to the uterus during menopause as estrogen levels decrease?
Which of the following is a consequence of decreased estrogen levels during menopause?
Which of the following is a consequence of decreased estrogen levels during menopause?
How does urinary incontinence impact older women's quality of life?
How does urinary incontinence impact older women's quality of life?
What major physical changes occur in the reproductive tract due to decreased estrogen during menopause?
What major physical changes occur in the reproductive tract due to decreased estrogen during menopause?
Which of the following describes period poverty?
Which of the following describes period poverty?
What does female genital cutting (FGC) typically involve?
What does female genital cutting (FGC) typically involve?
Which of the following is a long-term health implication of female genital cutting?
Which of the following is a long-term health implication of female genital cutting?
What is a contributing factor to the risk of vaginitis in older women?
What is a contributing factor to the risk of vaginitis in older women?
What tends to happen to public hair in older women?
What tends to happen to public hair in older women?
What can result from a lack of sexual activity during menopause?
What can result from a lack of sexual activity during menopause?
Why might older women face challenges in their sexual relationships?
Why might older women face challenges in their sexual relationships?
What psychological challenge may older women face as a result of urinary incontinence?
What psychological challenge may older women face as a result of urinary incontinence?
What is the primary health risk associated with human trafficking for women and girls?
What is the primary health risk associated with human trafficking for women and girls?
Which age group has the highest reported cases of chlamydia in Canada?
Which age group has the highest reported cases of chlamydia in Canada?
What percentage of HIV cases diagnosed in Canada in 2021 were among women?
What percentage of HIV cases diagnosed in Canada in 2021 were among women?
What major health issue do immigrant women from developing countries face regarding cervical cancer?
What major health issue do immigrant women from developing countries face regarding cervical cancer?
What complicates urinary health in transgender women who have undergone vaginoplasty?
What complicates urinary health in transgender women who have undergone vaginoplasty?
Which group has a higher incidence and mortality rate from cervical cancer in Canada?
Which group has a higher incidence and mortality rate from cervical cancer in Canada?
What is a key factor in the mental health of survivors of human trafficking?
What is a key factor in the mental health of survivors of human trafficking?
What is a primary reason for higher UTI rates in women compared to men?
What is a primary reason for higher UTI rates in women compared to men?
Which of the following is not a potential consequence of untreated chlamydia in women?
Which of the following is not a potential consequence of untreated chlamydia in women?
Which STI is more commonly reported among lesbian and bisexual women?
Which STI is more commonly reported among lesbian and bisexual women?
What health behavior should be promoted among transgender patients regarding cancer screenings?
What health behavior should be promoted among transgender patients regarding cancer screenings?
During a health assessment, which question would best initiate discussion regarding menstrual health?
During a health assessment, which question would best initiate discussion regarding menstrual health?
What is considered a risk factor for the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is considered a risk factor for the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What should nurses consider when assessing a transgender patient medically?
What should nurses consider when assessing a transgender patient medically?
Which statement is true regarding the healthcare access of human trafficking survivors?
Which statement is true regarding the healthcare access of human trafficking survivors?
What is the typical hair distribution pattern in females during puberty?
What is the typical hair distribution pattern in females during puberty?
Which characteristic indicates an abnormal finding in the labia majora of nulliparous women?
Which characteristic indicates an abnormal finding in the labia majora of nulliparous women?
Which procedure is advised if nits or lice are found at the base of pubic hair?
Which procedure is advised if nits or lice are found at the base of pubic hair?
What is considered an appropriate range for the appearance of the urethral opening?
What is considered an appropriate range for the appearance of the urethral opening?
Which of the following findings would suggest normal conditions in the labia minora?
Which of the following findings would suggest normal conditions in the labia minora?
What is a recommended practice for women who have received the HPV vaccine?
What is a recommended practice for women who have received the HPV vaccine?
Which speculum is designed with narrow blades for specific patient needs?
Which speculum is designed with narrow blades for specific patient needs?
What is the normal characteristic of the perineum in a nulliparous woman?
What is the normal characteristic of the perineum in a nulliparous woman?
What should be done to help a patient feel more comfortable during the lithotomy position?
What should be done to help a patient feel more comfortable during the lithotomy position?
Which type of female genital cutting involves the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans?
Which type of female genital cutting involves the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans?
What is the characteristic shape of the os in a nulliparous individual?
What is the characteristic shape of the os in a nulliparous individual?
What is indicated by induration along the urethra during palpation?
What is indicated by induration along the urethra during palpation?
Which of the following is NOT included among the required materials for cytological study?
Which of the following is NOT included among the required materials for cytological study?
Which variation of the os is described as having a horizontal slit that runs from end to end?
Which variation of the os is described as having a horizontal slit that runs from end to end?
How can a nurse reduce a patient's anxiety before an examination?
How can a nurse reduce a patient's anxiety before an examination?
When palpating Bartholin’s glands, what should be the expected finding?
When palpating Bartholin’s glands, what should be the expected finding?
What does cervical eversion look like around the os?
What does cervical eversion look like around the os?
During a pelvic examination, what position should a patient be in for proper palpation of the internal genitalia?
During a pelvic examination, what position should a patient be in for proper palpation of the internal genitalia?
What is a common approach to assist patients who may have experienced sexual violence?
What is a common approach to assist patients who may have experienced sexual violence?
What is the appropriate action if vaginal walls bulge upon straining?
What is the appropriate action if vaginal walls bulge upon straining?
What is the purpose of palpating the vagina during an examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the vagina during an examination?
What position should a patient be in during a vaginal examination?
What position should a patient be in during a vaginal examination?
What appearance should the vaginal opening have in a normal examination?
What appearance should the vaginal opening have in a normal examination?
How should the speculum be held during insertion?
How should the speculum be held during insertion?
At what age is it typical to start performing periodic Pap tests?
At what age is it typical to start performing periodic Pap tests?
What equipment is suggested for vaginal examinations?
What equipment is suggested for vaginal examinations?
Which option is a good practice to establish rapport before examination?
Which option is a good practice to establish rapport before examination?
What anatomical position describes a uterus that tilts backward?
What anatomical position describes a uterus that tilts backward?
What effect does applying pressure downward during speculum insertion have?
What effect does applying pressure downward during speculum insertion have?
What action should be taken prior to using a speculum during examination?
What action should be taken prior to using a speculum during examination?
What type of touch should a nurse use during the examination for better interaction?
What type of touch should a nurse use during the examination for better interaction?
How should a toddler be positioned during a genital examination?
How should a toddler be positioned during a genital examination?
What is the lecture on ambiguous genitalia primarily concerned with?
What is the lecture on ambiguous genitalia primarily concerned with?
Why is it important to inform a patient about examination steps?
Why is it important to inform a patient about examination steps?
What should be done if a patient feels discomfort during the examination?
What should be done if a patient feels discomfort during the examination?
Which of the following is an appropriate procedure following the examination of the external genitalia of school-aged children?
Which of the following is an appropriate procedure following the examination of the external genitalia of school-aged children?
What change is normal in infants' genitalia due to maternal estrogen?
What change is normal in infants' genitalia due to maternal estrogen?
What is a method to allow patients to see during a pelvic examination?
What is a method to allow patients to see during a pelvic examination?
What is the main purpose of the HPV vaccine?
What is the main purpose of the HPV vaccine?
What is the typical appearance of a hymen in young girls?
What is the typical appearance of a hymen in young girls?
Which age group is recommended to receive the HPV vaccine according to most provinces?
Which age group is recommended to receive the HPV vaccine according to most provinces?
What does the presence of foul-smelling discharge in toddlers typically indicate?
What does the presence of foul-smelling discharge in toddlers typically indicate?
Which of the following statements about HPV screening in Canada is true?
Which of the following statements about HPV screening in Canada is true?
What is the recommended immunization schedule for males aged 9 to 14 years?
What is the recommended immunization schedule for males aged 9 to 14 years?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with atrophic vaginitis?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with atrophic vaginitis?
Which risk factor is strongly associated with cervical cancer development?
Which risk factor is strongly associated with cervical cancer development?
What change in sexual health is commonly experienced by older women?
What change in sexual health is commonly experienced by older women?
How does the introduction of HPV vaccines impact cervical cancer rates?
How does the introduction of HPV vaccines impact cervical cancer rates?
What is the recommended cervical cancer screening frequency for women aged 25 to 69 years?
What is the recommended cervical cancer screening frequency for women aged 25 to 69 years?
What is a major misconception that may cause reluctance to undergo cervical screening?
What is a major misconception that may cause reluctance to undergo cervical screening?
What does the term 'atrophic vaginitis' refer to?
What does the term 'atrophic vaginitis' refer to?
Which is a potential indicator of cervical cancer that warrants further investigation?
Which is a potential indicator of cervical cancer that warrants further investigation?
What factors may contribute to the reluctance of individuals to undergo cervical cancer screening?
What factors may contribute to the reluctance of individuals to undergo cervical cancer screening?
Which is NOT a recommended practice regarding HPV vaccination?
Which is NOT a recommended practice regarding HPV vaccination?
What is a common change older adults may notice regarding their sexual relationships?
What is a common change older adults may notice regarding their sexual relationships?
What color and texture can the mature squamous epithelium of the ectocervix be identified as?
What color and texture can the mature squamous epithelium of the ectocervix be identified as?
In postmenopausal women, what happens to the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ)?
In postmenopausal women, what happens to the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ)?
What technique is recommended for spreading a specimen from a spatula onto a slide?
What technique is recommended for spreading a specimen from a spatula onto a slide?
What is the primary purpose of using an endocervical brush instead of a cotton applicator?
What is the primary purpose of using an endocervical brush instead of a cotton applicator?
How should the endocervical brush be rotated when collecting a specimen?
How should the endocervical brush be rotated when collecting a specimen?
What is a contraindication for using an endocervical brush?
What is a contraindication for using an endocervical brush?
What characteristics define abnormal vaginal discharge due to candidiasis?
What characteristics define abnormal vaginal discharge due to candidiasis?
Which procedure is performed to obtain a gonorrhea/chlamydia culture?
Which procedure is performed to obtain a gonorrhea/chlamydia culture?
What should be done immediately after collecting a specimen on a slide?
What should be done immediately after collecting a specimen on a slide?
What does liquid-based cytology (LBC) involve?
What does liquid-based cytology (LBC) involve?
What is the purpose of using a cervical broom during a pelvic exam?
What is the purpose of using a cervical broom during a pelvic exam?
What is the normal consistency of the cervix during a pelvic examination in a non-pregnant state?
What is the normal consistency of the cervix during a pelvic examination in a non-pregnant state?
During a bimanual examination, what position should the patient remain in?
During a bimanual examination, what position should the patient remain in?
Which position of the uterus is considered the most common variation?
Which position of the uterus is considered the most common variation?
What condition is indicated by leukoplakia during a vaginal examination?
What condition is indicated by leukoplakia during a vaginal examination?
What information is crucial to label on the specimen slide?
What information is crucial to label on the specimen slide?
What is an abnormal finding when palpating the uterus during a bimanual examination?
What is an abnormal finding when palpating the uterus during a bimanual examination?
What indicates a potential ectopic pregnancy during a pelvic examination?
What indicates a potential ectopic pregnancy during a pelvic examination?
What position should a transgender woman be placed in for a pelvic examination?
What position should a transgender woman be placed in for a pelvic examination?
Which characteristic of the cervix is considered abnormal?
Which characteristic of the cervix is considered abnormal?
What is an appropriate action if abnormal adnexal structures are suspected during examination?
What is an appropriate action if abnormal adnexal structures are suspected during examination?
What should be done if the cervix is not in full view after opening the speculum?
What should be done if the cervix is not in full view after opening the speculum?
Which characteristic of the cervix may indicate pregnancy during examination?
Which characteristic of the cervix may indicate pregnancy during examination?
What should be avoided before obtaining a Pap test?
What should be avoided before obtaining a Pap test?
During a rectovaginal examination, how should the rectovaginal septum normally feel?
During a rectovaginal examination, how should the rectovaginal septum normally feel?
How should a healthcare professional position their hands during a bimanual examination?
How should a healthcare professional position their hands during a bimanual examination?
Which feature is indicative of good cervix health during a pelvic exam?
Which feature is indicative of good cervix health during a pelvic exam?
What does Chadwick's sign indicate during a cervical examination?
What does Chadwick's sign indicate during a cervical examination?
What sensation is typically felt when adequately palpating the adnexa?
What sensation is typically felt when adequately palpating the adnexa?
What feature is commonly associated with nabothian cysts?
What feature is commonly associated with nabothian cysts?
What should you instruct a patient to avoid doing before a cervical smear?
What should you instruct a patient to avoid doing before a cervical smear?
What characteristic might suggest malignancy when assessing the cervix?
What characteristic might suggest malignancy when assessing the cervix?
Which statement is true regarding cervical secretions?
Which statement is true regarding cervical secretions?
During which step of a rectovaginal examination must the patient be instructed to bear down?
During which step of a rectovaginal examination must the patient be instructed to bear down?
What is a common sign of cervical polyp?
What is a common sign of cervical polyp?
What abnormality should not be mistaken for a normal structure when palpating the adnexa?
What abnormality should not be mistaken for a normal structure when palpating the adnexa?
What is an appropriate action when the cervix is everted?
What is an appropriate action when the cervix is everted?
When assessing the uterus, which position is usually NOT considered normal?
When assessing the uterus, which position is usually NOT considered normal?
How should the spatula be inserted during a cervical scrape?
How should the spatula be inserted during a cervical scrape?
Which aspect is critical to visualize during a cervical examination?
Which aspect is critical to visualize during a cervical examination?
What is the purpose of the Pap test?
What is the purpose of the Pap test?
Which symptom is commonly associated with endometriosis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with endometriosis?
What type of lesion is typically associated with ovarian cancer?
What type of lesion is typically associated with ovarian cancer?
What is a potential complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
What is a potential complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
What clinical finding is indicative of ectopic pregnancy?
What clinical finding is indicative of ectopic pregnancy?
What can be a non-specific symptom of endometriosis?
What can be a non-specific symptom of endometriosis?
Which description best characterizes a fluctuant ovarian cyst?
Which description best characterizes a fluctuant ovarian cyst?
Which signs might indicate the presence of ambiguous genitalia?
Which signs might indicate the presence of ambiguous genitalia?
Which statement about ovarian cancer is true?
Which statement about ovarian cancer is true?
What is the primary causative agent of acute salpingitis?
What is the primary causative agent of acute salpingitis?
What is the first step in the summary checklist for female genitalia examination?
What is the first step in the summary checklist for female genitalia examination?
What is the significance of using the patient’s own body to teach anatomy and sexual behavior?
What is the significance of using the patient’s own body to teach anatomy and sexual behavior?
At 28 weeks of pregnancy, where should the fundus be located?
At 28 weeks of pregnancy, where should the fundus be located?
Which sign indicates increased vascularity during pregnancy?
Which sign indicates increased vascularity during pregnancy?
What physical change occurs to the cervix in older women post-menopause?
What physical change occurs to the cervix in older women post-menopause?
What can be a consequence of an ectopic pregnancy?
What can be a consequence of an ectopic pregnancy?
What is a common change in vaginal walls observed in older women?
What is a common change in vaginal walls observed in older women?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection?
What examination tool is recommended for older women with vaginal stenosis?
What examination tool is recommended for older women with vaginal stenosis?
What aspect of vaginal health increases the risk of infection in older women?
What aspect of vaginal health increases the risk of infection in older women?
What should be noted about the adnexa during a bimanual examination in early pregnancy?
What should be noted about the adnexa during a bimanual examination in early pregnancy?
How can health care providers help older women manage discomfort during examinations?
How can health care providers help older women manage discomfort during examinations?
What is one of the characteristics of the near-term fundus position?
What is one of the characteristics of the near-term fundus position?
What might indicate the need for a biopsy during an examination?
What might indicate the need for a biopsy during an examination?
What may indicate the presence of Diethylstilbestrol (DES) syndrome on the cervix?
What may indicate the presence of Diethylstilbestrol (DES) syndrome on the cervix?
Which symptom is commonly associated with cervical carcinoma?
Which symptom is commonly associated with cervical carcinoma?
What is a key characteristic of Atrophic Vaginitis?
What is a key characteristic of Atrophic Vaginitis?
Which condition is associated with a 'strawberry' appearance of the vagina?
Which condition is associated with a 'strawberry' appearance of the vagina?
What type of discharge is typically present in Candidiasis?
What type of discharge is typically present in Candidiasis?
What is a possible sign of myomas (uterine fibroids)?
What is a possible sign of myomas (uterine fibroids)?
What diagnostic method is most commonly used to identify cervical carcinoma?
What diagnostic method is most commonly used to identify cervical carcinoma?
What genital condition is characterized by thin, creamy, grey-white discharge and a 'fishy' odor?
What genital condition is characterized by thin, creamy, grey-white discharge and a 'fishy' odor?
What might indicate an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma?
What might indicate an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Gonorrhea?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Gonorrhea?
A common predisposing factor for Candidiasis includes:
A common predisposing factor for Candidiasis includes:
What type of symptoms may indicate a poor prognosis in endometrial carcinoma?
What type of symptoms may indicate a poor prognosis in endometrial carcinoma?
Bleeding between menstrual periods is frequently a symptom of which condition?
Bleeding between menstrual periods is frequently a symptom of which condition?
What is the most likely cause of elevated sensation of pressure and stress incontinence in the context of pelvic abnormalities?
What is the most likely cause of elevated sensation of pressure and stress incontinence in the context of pelvic abnormalities?
Which condition is characterized by clusters of small vesicles on the genital areas that may rupture and leave painful ulcers?
Which condition is characterized by clusters of small vesicles on the genital areas that may rupture and leave painful ulcers?
What is typically observed in a pelvic examination of someone with a Rectocele?
What is typically observed in a pelvic examination of someone with a Rectocele?
During a bimanual examination, what is the finding that would suggest a normal pelvic structure?
During a bimanual examination, what is the finding that would suggest a normal pelvic structure?
What is a notable symptom of urethritis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
What is a notable symptom of urethritis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Which of the following conditions is most often secondary to gonococcal infection?
Which of the following conditions is most often secondary to gonococcal infection?
What physical examination finding might indicate the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on the cervix?
What physical examination finding might indicate the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on the cervix?
What symptom is associated with syphilitic chancre?
What symptom is associated with syphilitic chancre?
What is the expected outcome of a person with a known HPV infection regarding cervical cytology?
What is the expected outcome of a person with a known HPV infection regarding cervical cytology?
What risk factor is commonly associated with HPV infections among sexually active women?
What risk factor is commonly associated with HPV infections among sexually active women?
Which physical finding might indicate contact dermatitis?
Which physical finding might indicate contact dermatitis?
In assessing an individual with possible pediculosis pubis, which symptom would you expect to find?
In assessing an individual with possible pediculosis pubis, which symptom would you expect to find?
What unusual finding might be seen on the cervix during examination indicating erosion?
What unusual finding might be seen on the cervix during examination indicating erosion?
What is the proper term for the cervix protruding outside of the introitus upon straining?
What is the proper term for the cervix protruding outside of the introitus upon straining?
Flashcards
Vulva
Vulva
The external genitalia of the female, also known as the pudendum.
Mons Pubis
Mons Pubis
A round, firm pad of adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubis, which becomes hairy after puberty.
Labia Majora
Labia Majora
Two rounded folds of adipose tissue extending from the mons pubis, covering the labia minora and becoming hairy after puberty.
Labia Minora
Labia Minora
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Clitoris
Clitoris
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Vestibule
Vestibule
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Urethral Meatus
Urethral Meatus
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Skene's Glands
Skene's Glands
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Hymen
Hymen
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Bartholin's Glands
Bartholin's Glands
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Vagina
Vagina
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Cervix
Cervix
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Os
Os
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Squamocolumnar Junction
Squamocolumnar Junction
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Fornix
Fornix
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Rectouterine Pouch
Rectouterine Pouch
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Uterus
Uterus
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Fallopian Tubes
Fallopian Tubes
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Ovaries
Ovaries
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Tanner's Sexual Maturity Rating Scale
Tanner's Sexual Maturity Rating Scale
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Goodell's Sign
Goodell's Sign
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Chadwick's Sign
Chadwick's Sign
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Hegar's Sign
Hegar's Sign
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Gravida (G)
Gravida (G)
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Para (P)
Para (P)
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Abortions (A)
Abortions (A)
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Menopause
Menopause
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Perimenopause
Perimenopause
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Hot Flash
Hot Flash
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Dysuria
Dysuria
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Nocturia
Nocturia
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Hematuria
Hematuria
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Stress Incontinence
Stress Incontinence
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True Incontinence
True Incontinence
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Urgency Incontinence
Urgency Incontinence
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Functional Incontinence
Functional Incontinence
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Dyspareunia
Dyspareunia
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Human Trafficking
Human Trafficking
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Trauma-Informed Approach
Trauma-Informed Approach
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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
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Chlamydia
Chlamydia
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Gender-Affirming Approach
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Gender Assignment Surgery (GAS)
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Menstrual History
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Postmenopausal Bleeding
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Atrophic Vaginitis
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Pelvic Muscle Weakness
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Uterine Prolapse
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Cervical Cancer Prevention
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Cervical Cancer Screening
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Pap Test
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High-Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer
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Cervical Cancer Incidence
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Cervical Cancer Mortality
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Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
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STI Contact
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Human Trafficking Preliminary Assessment
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Red Flags for Human Trafficking
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Human Trafficking Assessment Tool
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Urination Problems in Children
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Genital Problems in Children
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Molestation
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Sexual Information Sources
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Sexual Activity Assessment
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External Genitalia Inspection
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Lithotomy position
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Equal-status position
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Graves speculum
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Pederson speculum
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Urethral Opening
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Why empty bladder prior?
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Vaginal Opening (Introitus)
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Educational/Mirror pelvic exam
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Perineum
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Episiotomy Scar
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HPV vaccine impact on screening
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External Genitalia Palpation
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Pelvic Muscle Support
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Cystocele
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Ayre spatula
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Purpose of normal saline
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Bimanual Exam
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Adnexa
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What is the difference between nulliparous and parous os?
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What is the lithotomy position?
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Define anteverted uterus.
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Define anteflexed uterus.
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What is the purpose of a routine genital examination in children?
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Why is pelvic examination delayed in adolescents?
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Mucoid Discharge
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Pedunculated Growth
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DES Syndrome
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Chlamydia vs. Gonorrhea
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Biopsy
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What are the 3 most important things to remember about the female genital examination?
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T-zone
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Transformation Zone
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Liquid-based cytology (LBC)
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Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation
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Recto-uterine pouch (Cul-de-sac of Douglas)
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Adnexa Palpable in Adolescents?
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What is a neovagina?
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What is the role of vaginal estrogens prior to a pelvic examination in transgender men?
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What happens to vaginal pH during menopause?
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What are the physiological changes in female sexual response during menopause?
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Menarche
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Study Notes
Female External Genitalia
- The vulva, or pudendum, is the collective term for the female external genitalia.
- The mons pubis is a pad of adipose tissue covering the pubic symphysis, often covered in hair after puberty.
- Labia majora are folds of adipose tissue extending from the mons pubis.
- Labia minora are smaller, darker folds inside the labia majora.
- The clitoris is an erectile body, homologous to the male penis, highly sensitive to touch.
- Vestibule: space enclosed by labia, containing urethral meatus, Skene's glands, hymen, and Bartholin's glands openings.
Female Internal Genitalia
- Vagina: flattened, tubular canal extending into the pelvis.
- Rugae: transverse folds in the vaginal wall, allowing for dilation during childbirth.
- Cervix: projects into the vagina; appearance varies based on parity.
- Os: small circular opening in the cervix.
- Fornix: recesses surrounding the cervix, including anterior and posterior fornices.
- Rectouterine pouch (cul-de-sac of Douglas): deeper recess behind the posterior fornix.
- Uterus: pear-shaped, thick-walled, muscular organ, typically anteverted and anteflexed.
- Fallopian tubes: trumpet-shaped tubes extending from the uterine fundus to the ovaries, carrying the egg.
- Ovaries: located on either side of the uterus, developing ova and hormones.
Developmental Considerations
- Infants/Children: Genitalia are engorged at birth due to maternal hormones, receding within weeks.
- Puberty: Estrogen stimulates growth, causing breast and pubic hair development (ages 8.5-13).
- Menarche: First menstrual period, occurs after peak growth velocity.
- Pregnancy: Cervix softens (Goodell's sign), vaginal mucosa and cervix appear bluish (Chadwick's sign); uterus enlarges; mucous plug forms.
- Older Women: Rapid hormonal decline, menopause usually occurring between ages 48-51. Uterus, ovaries shrink; vagina shortens, narrows, atrophies.
Social Determinants of Health
- Period poverty: Inability to afford menstrual products, impacting education and work.
- Female Genital Cutting (FGC): Ritual removal of female genitalia, harmful and a violation of human rights.
- Human Trafficking: Women and girls are often victims of sexual exploitation.
- STIs: Rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are rising, impacting women disproportionately.
- HIV/AIDS: Women represent a significant portion of cases, often due to heterosexual contact or injection drug use.
- Cervical Cancer: Rates declining in Canada but higher among women in less developed countries and Indigenous women.
- UTIs: More common in women due to shorter urethra.
Pelvic Examination Techniques
- Several aspects are considered including preparation (clearing the bladder, privacy), positioning (lithotomy), draping.
- External Inspection: Skin color/lesions, hair distribution, labia size/symmetry, and any discharge are examined.
- Palpation: Assess for tenderness, masses, and texture changes; specifically for Skene's and Bartholin's glands.
- Speculum Exam: Using appropriate sized instruments, inspect vaginal walls, cervix, and obtain samples for Pap smears and cultures.
- Bimanual Exam: Examiner assesses the uterus, ovaries, and adnexa for abnormalities and tenderness.
- Rectovaginal Exam: Assess rectovaginal septum, posterior uterine wall, and cul-de-sac.
Specific Considerations
- Transgender Women: Examinations are relevant to existing anatomy; use patient preferences/gender-affirming terms; identify and assess the neovagina.
- Transgender Men: Vaginal estrogen administration may be warranted to reduce atrophy.
- Pediatric Exams: Positioning and communication tailored to the age and developmental stage are essential.
Obtaining Specimens and Cultures
- Pap Smears: Screening for cervical cancer.
- STI Cultures: Screening for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and other STIs.
- Other Specimens: Saline and KOH mounts, anal cultures, and additional diagnostic tests as needed.
Documentation and Critical Thinking
- Subjective data (patient's history); Objective data (physical examination findings);
- Assessment of abnormalities, risk factors, and diagnoses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the female genitalia, focusing specifically on the structures of the vulva, including the labia minora and labia majora. This quiz covers key functions and locations of various reproductive elements.
