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Questions and Answers
What is the foremost factor in preventing urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
What is the foremost factor in preventing urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
- Maintaining an acidic water supply.
- Maintaining adequate magnesium levels.
- Providing sufficient Vitamin A in the diet.
- Ensuring a proper Calcium to Phosphorus ratio (Ca:P). (correct)
Which of the following dietary factors should be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
Which of the following dietary factors should be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
- High levels of calcium.
- Low levels of phosphorus.
- Limited fiber content.
- Excessive sodium bicarbonate inclusion. (correct)
What is the recommended first step in responding to a diagnosed case of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
What is the recommended first step in responding to a diagnosed case of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
- Performing a perineal urethrostomy.
- Assessing and correcting the Calcium to Phosphorus ratio (Ca:P). (correct)
- Administering antibiotics immediately.
- Immediately acidifying the urine.
Which of these methods is used to acidify urine in cattle affected by Urolithiasis?
Which of these methods is used to acidify urine in cattle affected by Urolithiasis?
What role does inanition play in the context of Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
What role does inanition play in the context of Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
How can drinking water sources contribute to the spread of Salmonellosis among feedlot cattle?
How can drinking water sources contribute to the spread of Salmonellosis among feedlot cattle?
What type of clinical sign is commonly associated with Salmonellosis in cattle?
What type of clinical sign is commonly associated with Salmonellosis in cattle?
What is the significance of an increasing Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) case rate when diagnosing Salmonellosis?
What is the significance of an increasing Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) case rate when diagnosing Salmonellosis?
What strategy is primarily employed to manage an active Salmonellosis outbreak?
What strategy is primarily employed to manage an active Salmonellosis outbreak?
What role does water management play in preventing Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
What role does water management play in preventing Salmonellosis in feedlot cattle?
Which parasites have the most significant impact on production in feedlot settings?
Which parasites have the most significant impact on production in feedlot settings?
Why is sustained activity from anthelmintics not always necessary in feedlot settings?
Why is sustained activity from anthelmintics not always necessary in feedlot settings?
Which of the following are characteristic of coccidiosis?
Which of the following are characteristic of coccidiosis?
What method of transmission is specific to coccidiosis?
What method of transmission is specific to coccidiosis?
What is a common sign of coccidiosis?
What is a common sign of coccidiosis?
How are Coccidiosis infections typically treated?
How are Coccidiosis infections typically treated?
What is an indicator that a feedlot animal might be suffering from urolithiasis?
What is an indicator that a feedlot animal might be suffering from urolithiasis?
Besides correcting Ca:P ratios, what is the importance of quitting affected cattle in urolithiasis cases?
Besides correcting Ca:P ratios, what is the importance of quitting affected cattle in urolithiasis cases?
Which of the following is a sign that drinking water is contaminated and may increase the risk of Salmonellosis?
Which of the following is a sign that drinking water is contaminated and may increase the risk of Salmonellosis?
Why is it important to maintain continuous access to feed for cattle in feedlots, as it relates to Salmonellosis prevention?
Why is it important to maintain continuous access to feed for cattle in feedlots, as it relates to Salmonellosis prevention?
When addressing a urolithiasis case, acidifying urine is important, but what is an important factor in this?
When addressing a urolithiasis case, acidifying urine is important, but what is an important factor in this?
What is the role of cleanliness of water and feed troughs in the prevention of Salmonellosis?
What is the role of cleanliness of water and feed troughs in the prevention of Salmonellosis?
Why are some clinically normal cattle still a concern in the context of Salmonellosis?
Why are some clinically normal cattle still a concern in the context of Salmonellosis?
Which is a predisposing factor that can increase the risk of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
Which is a predisposing factor that can increase the risk of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle?
Aside from addressing the clinical presentation of coccidiosis in affected animals, what are other important considerations for its management and control at the feedlot level?
Aside from addressing the clinical presentation of coccidiosis in affected animals, what are other important considerations for its management and control at the feedlot level?
What is the primary reason lice are not considered important to production?
What is the primary reason lice are not considered important to production?
How does supplementing cattle feed with TMS assist in the prevention of Salmonellosis?
How does supplementing cattle feed with TMS assist in the prevention of Salmonellosis?
When considering the use of a perineal urethrostomy in cattle affected with urolithiasis, in what situation is this procedure most applicable?
When considering the use of a perineal urethrostomy in cattle affected with urolithiasis, in what situation is this procedure most applicable?
What is the connection between Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) and Salmonella?
What is the connection between Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) and Salmonella?
For feedlot cattle, what factor related to helminths requires additional research?
For feedlot cattle, what factor related to helminths requires additional research?
Flashcards
What is Urolithiasis?
What is Urolithiasis?
A disease caused by the formation of urinary stones, leading to blockage of the urinary tract.
Key factor in Urolithiasis prevention?
Key factor in Urolithiasis prevention?
Maintaining the correct calcium to phosphorus ratio in feedlot cattle.
Things to be wary of regarding Urolithiasis
Things to be wary of regarding Urolithiasis
High phosphorus feeds, high magnesium intake, low vitamin A, alkaline water, excessive sodium bicarbonate, high sorghum diets and low water intake.
Response to Urolithiasis case?
Response to Urolithiasis case?
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What is Salmonellosis?
What is Salmonellosis?
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How does Salmonellosis spread?
How does Salmonellosis spread?
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Symptoms of Salmonellosis?
Symptoms of Salmonellosis?
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Salmonellosis treatment?
Salmonellosis treatment?
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How to prevent Salmonellosis?
How to prevent Salmonellosis?
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Common feedlot parasites?
Common feedlot parasites?
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What are Helminths?
What are Helminths?
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Factors affecting Helminth economics?
Factors affecting Helminth economics?
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What is Coccidiosis?
What is Coccidiosis?
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Study Notes
- Feedlot nutrition and production focuses on feed-related disorders
Urolithiasis
- Urolithiasis is the formation of urinary stones or calculi in the urinary tract
- The single most important factor for preventing urolithiasis in feedlot cattle relates to Calcium and Phosphorus (Ca:P)
- Be wary of very high phosphorus feeds like millmix
- High magnesium intake, over 6 g/kg can be problematic
- Insufficient vitamin A can contribute
- Alkaline water can be an issue
- Excessive sodium bicarbonate inclusion in the diet could cause problems
- High sorghum diets may contribute to the issue
- Low water intake, often in winter, or due to poor cleanliness and high levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), could also be causative
- History of urolithiasis in the herd is relevant for prevention
Response to Urolithiasis
- When responding check Calcium: Phosphorus ratio and correct if necessary
- Acidify the urine with 1% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), considering the calculus type is important and takes about a week
- Remove affected cattle quickly from the feedlot
- Perineal urethrostomy might be a consideration for high-value cattle
Salmonellosis
- Inanition is a key driver of salmonellosis
- Some clinically normal cattle can act as carriers and shedders
- It has a faeco-oral transmission route
- Drinking water contaminated by waterfowl can increase the infectious challenge
- Salmonellae can be involved in Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) as opportunists
- Clinical presentation involves verdant green scours with shreds of mucus and sometimes mucosa, which can be watery and yellow
- Depression and lethargy may be present
- Anorexia is a common sign
- Marked pyrexia (fever) is often observed
- Can be confused with BRD, so check diagnoses if the BRD case fatality rate (CFR) increases
- Treatment includes TMS (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole) which is over-the-counter (OTC)
- Isolation of affected animals reduces the infectious challenge to other cattle
- In-feed medication with OTC drugs can reduce its spread
- Prevention of salmonellosis involves minimizing time off feed
- Cleanliness of water and feed troughs is important
- Treatment of contaminated water through chlorination is helpful
- In-feed TMS as a preventative measure is sometimes used
Feedlot Medicine – Parasites
- Key parasites are lice, helminths, and coccidiosis
- Lice are not a major problem for production
- Economics of treating helminths vary with the age of cattle and the existing parasite burden
- Sustained activity from anthelmintics may not be necessary
- Evaluation of the economics of treating for fluke should consider the age of liver scarring and whether condemnations are a problem
Feedlot Medicine – Coccidiosis
- Coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria species
- Usually affects young cattle but can also affect bullocks
- Transmitted through the faeco-oral route
- A half-moon smudge may be seen representing virtually frank blood
- Coccidiostat ionophores are used for treatment and prevention
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