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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of producers in an ecosystem?
What is the primary role of producers in an ecosystem?
Which statement correctly describes tertiary consumers?
Which statement correctly describes tertiary consumers?
Which of the following is considered a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
Which of the following is considered a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
What process allows autotrophs to create their own food?
What process allows autotrophs to create their own food?
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Which group of organisms primarily consists of multicellular decomposers?
Which group of organisms primarily consists of multicellular decomposers?
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In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
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Which kingdom consists of unicellular prokaryotic organisms?
Which kingdom consists of unicellular prokaryotic organisms?
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What distinguishes heterotrophs from autotrophs?
What distinguishes heterotrophs from autotrophs?
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What is the primary purpose of taxonomy in modern science?
What is the primary purpose of taxonomy in modern science?
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Which of the following best describes a species?
Which of the following best describes a species?
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What does binomial nomenclature refer to in taxonomy?
What does binomial nomenclature refer to in taxonomy?
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During which stage of photosynthesis does oxygen get produced?
During which stage of photosynthesis does oxygen get produced?
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What is the effect of light intensity on the photosynthesis rate?
What is the effect of light intensity on the photosynthesis rate?
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Which equation correctly represents the process of respiration?
Which equation correctly represents the process of respiration?
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What role do limiting factors play in photosynthesis?
What role do limiting factors play in photosynthesis?
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What distinguishes a genus from a species?
What distinguishes a genus from a species?
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What likely characterizes the relationship shown in Graph 1 regarding light intensity and photosynthesis?
What likely characterizes the relationship shown in Graph 1 regarding light intensity and photosynthesis?
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Which mode of nutrition do autotrophs utilize?
Which mode of nutrition do autotrophs utilize?
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Interspecific competition impacts species in what way?
Interspecific competition impacts species in what way?
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Which of the following best describes mutualism?
Which of the following best describes mutualism?
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What is the dependent variable in the experiment to determine how light intensity affects photosynthesis in Elodea?
What is the dependent variable in the experiment to determine how light intensity affects photosynthesis in Elodea?
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Which type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified by barnacles on whales?
Which type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified by barnacles on whales?
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Which controlled variable would be important to maintain during the photosynthesis experiment?
Which controlled variable would be important to maintain during the photosynthesis experiment?
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How can the internal validity of a photosynthesis experiment be assessed?
How can the internal validity of a photosynthesis experiment be assessed?
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Study Notes
Feeding Relationships & Food Webs
- Producers: Organisms that make their own food (plants, algae).
- Primary Consumers: Herbivores that feed on producers (rabbits, deer).
- Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat herbivores (snakes, lions).
- Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat other carnivores (hawks, orcas).
- Decomposers: Break down dead organic matter (fungi, bacteria).
- Food Webs: Show complex feeding interactions; interconnected food chains; arrows show energy flow (prey to predator).
Food Webs, Nutrition, Producers & Consumers
- Food Webs: Show how energy and nutrients move through an ecosystem (broader than food chains).
- Autotrophs (Producers): Create their own food via sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemical processes (chemosynthesis).
- Heterotrophs (Consumers): Obtain energy by consuming other organisms (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores).
- Herbivores: Eat only plants.
- Carnivores: Eat only animals.
- Omnivores: Eat both plants and animals.
- Producers: Organisms (plants, algae, some bacteria) that convert sunlight into energy via photosynthesis.
Biotic vs Abiotic & Kingdoms and Taxonomy
- Biotic Factors: Living components (plants, animals, bacteria).
- Abiotic Factors: Non-living physical & chemical aspects (temperature, water, light, soil).
- Kingdoms: Classification of organisms based on characteristics (e.g., Animals - multicellular, heterotrophic organisms; Plants - multicellular, autotrophic organisms; Fungi – multicellular/unicellular, decomposers; Protists – mostly unicellular, varied nutrition; Bacteria – unicellular prokaryotes).
- Taxonomy: Scientific practice of classifying organisms into categories (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).
Modern Classification, Species & Genus, and Scientific Names
- Relevance of Classification: Helps scientists communicate clearly about organisms; supports biodiversity studies; advances in genetics (e.g., DNA sequencing).
- Species: Group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
- Genus: Group of closely related species; scientific names (e.g., Homo sapiens).
- Taxonomy: Organizes organisms based on shared characteristics & evolutionary history.
- Binomial Nomenclature: Two-part Latin name (Genus species) for each species.
Photosynthesis and Respiration
- Photosynthesis: Process where plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose).
- Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Photosynthesis Stages: Light-dependent reactions, Calvin Cycle (Light-independent reactions).
- Respiration: Process of turning glucose into carbon dioxide.
- Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
- Light Intensity Effects: Photosynthesis rate increases with light, but plateaus at a certain point (light saturation). Limiting factors include light intensity, CO2, and temperature.
Graphs Analysis, Interspecific Competition, and Symbiotic Relationships
- Graphs Analysis: Relationships between light intensity and photosynthesis rate. Diagrams showing competition between species for resources (food, space).
- Interspecific Competition: When two species compete for limited resources.
- Modes of Nutrition: Autotrophs produce their own food (plants, algae). Heterotrophs rely on other organisms for food (animals).
- Symbiotic Relationships: Mutualism (both benefit), parasitism (one benefits, other harmed), commensalism (one benefits, other neither helped nor harmed).
Experiment (Photosynthesis)
- Research Question: Example: How does light intensity affect photosynthesis rate in Elodea?
- Variables: Independent (light intensity), Dependent (rate of photosynthesis), Controlled (CO2, water temp, plant type).
- Method: Set up aquatic plant; use varying light intensities; measure oxygen production over time.
- Validity: Internal validity (controlling variables), External validity (generalizing to other species).
Taxonomy & Classification
- Taxonomy & Classification: Scientific naming conventions and the importance of modern classification.
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Description
Explore the intricate connections in ecosystems with this quiz on feeding relationships and food webs. From producers to decomposers, understand how energy and nutrients flow through various trophic levels. Test your knowledge on the roles of different organisms in these critical ecological systems.
