Federal Systems of Government and Grants
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Questions and Answers

What type of government system has a strong national government with power derived from it?

  • Confederate system
  • Dual federalism
  • Unitary system (correct)
  • Federal system

    • What is the definition of a Federal system?

    System of government where power is divided between a national government and state governments.

    What does the Confederate system entail?

    A system of government with a very weak central government and strong states.

    What is meant by Grant-in-aid?

    <p>How the national government gives out money to states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Block grants?

    <p>Types of grant-in-aid that serve general purposes with little restriction on use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Categorical grants?

    <p>They serve a specific purpose and have strict restrictions on use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Revenue-sharing grant?

    <p>A type of grant-in-aid that distributes money among states with no restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Referendum.

    <p>A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Delegated Powers?

    <p>Powers specifically given to the national government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Supremacy clause?

    <p>Article VI of the Constitution that establishes the supremacy of national laws over state laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Mandates?

    <p>Federal rules that states must follow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain Cooperative federalism.

    <p>Cooperation among federal, state, and local governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sovereignty?

    <p>Supremacy or ultimate political authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 10th amendment state?

    <p>It gives rights not delegated to the national government to the states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Necessary and proper clause.

    <p>A clause that allows Congress to pass any laws deemed necessary to fulfill its constitutional powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dual Federalism refer to?

    <p>A system where state and federal governments operate in separate spheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Initiative?

    <p>A procedure by which citizens can propose new laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the Recall process.

    <p>A process by which voters can remove elected officials from office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Full faith and credit clause?

    <p>Section of the Constitution that requires states to honor each other's legal acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Reserved Powers?

    <p>Powers given to states that are not delegated to the national government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Commerce Clause?

    <p>A clause that gives Congress the power to regulate business activities across state lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Devolution refer to?

    <p>The act of transferring functions from the national government to states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Federal Systems of Government

    • Federal system: Power divided between national and state governments; exemplified by the USA with a national government and individual state governments.
    • Confederate system: Weak central government, strong state control; originally seen in the 13 colonies under the Articles of Confederation.
    • Unitary system: Local governments derive authority from a strong national government; seen in the UK, where regional parliaments are subordinate to the national Parliament.

    Types of Grants

    • Grant-in-aid: Federal funding to states for specific projects; e.g., Congress funding California to build railroads.
    • Block grants: Broad-purpose grants with fewer restrictions; e.g., funding for various infrastructure projects in Florida.
    • Categorical grants: Specific-purpose funds with strict spending guidelines; e.g., federal funding for educational resources like textbooks.
    • Revenue-sharing grants: Unrestricted federal funds distributed to states based on formulas like GDP and population; e.g., equitable distribution among states.

    Legislative Processes

    • Referendum: Direct voter approval for proposed laws or amendments, allowing citizen participation in legislation.
    • Initiative: Citizens' right to propose new laws or amendments, enabling grassroots legislative change.
    • Recall: Voter process for removing elected officials from office based on performance or competency concerns.

    Powers and Authorities

    • Delegated Powers: Powers exclusively held by the national government, such as coining money.
    • Supremacy clause: Establishes that the Constitution and federal laws override conflicting state laws within constitutional limits.
    • Mandates: Required federal rules that states must follow regardless of funding.
    • Sovereignty: Supreme political authority vested in the Constitution, ensuring federal supremacy.

    Federalism and Governance

    • Cooperative federalism: Collaboration between federal, state, and local governments, represented as "marble cake" federalism.
    • Dual Federalism: Distinct separation of responsibilities for state and federal governments, exemplified by state control over intrastate commerce.
    • Necessary and proper clause: Grants Congress the power to enact laws deemed necessary for fulfilling its duties, forming the basis for implied powers.
    • Reserved Powers: Powers not granted to the national government, retained by the states, such as making laws regarding marriage.
    • Commerce Clause: Grants Congress authority to regulate interstate commerce; significant in cases like Gibbons v. Ogden concerning river trade.

    Evolution of Federalism

    • Devolution (New Federalism): The transfer of responsibilities from the national government to the states, allowing for greater local autonomy and flexibility in fund allocation.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the different federal systems of government, including the distinctions between federal, confederate, and unitary systems. Additionally, it covers various types of federal grants, such as grant-in-aid, block grants, and categorical grants, providing insight into their purposes and restrictions.

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