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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the Due Process Model in the criminal justice system?
What is the primary focus of the Due Process Model in the criminal justice system?
What does the term 'extralegal factors' refer to?
What does the term 'extralegal factors' refer to?
What was the significance of the Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
What was the significance of the Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
What is the purpose of the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968?
What is the purpose of the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968?
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Which principle does 'parens patriae' embody in the legal system?
Which principle does 'parens patriae' embody in the legal system?
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What is the significance of the supremacy clause in Article VI?
What is the significance of the supremacy clause in Article VI?
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What role does the parole board play in the criminal justice system?
What role does the parole board play in the criminal justice system?
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What does the term 'politicized' imply in the context of justice policies?
What does the term 'politicized' imply in the context of justice policies?
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Which court serves as the court of last resort in the United States?
Which court serves as the court of last resort in the United States?
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Under which evidentiary standard does the party with the most convincing evidence prevail in civil cases?
Under which evidentiary standard does the party with the most convincing evidence prevail in civil cases?
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What does cooperative federalism emphasize?
What does cooperative federalism emphasize?
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What is the consequence of a waiver in juvenile justice?
What is the consequence of a waiver in juvenile justice?
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What metaphor describes federalism where powers are distinctly separated?
What metaphor describes federalism where powers are distinctly separated?
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Which of the following best describes a sheriff's role?
Which of the following best describes a sheriff's role?
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Which case exemplified an expansive view of the supremacy clause?
Which case exemplified an expansive view of the supremacy clause?
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What concept is illustrated by Marble Cake Federalism?
What concept is illustrated by Marble Cake Federalism?
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What role does the 'power of the purse' serve in government?
What role does the 'power of the purse' serve in government?
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What condition must be met for federal courts to hear a case involving a substantial federal question?
What condition must be met for federal courts to hear a case involving a substantial federal question?
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What does the doctrine of proportionality refer to in the legal context?
What does the doctrine of proportionality refer to in the legal context?
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What is the primary guiding principle of juvenile courts?
What is the primary guiding principle of juvenile courts?
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The Due Process Model prioritizes protecting civil liberties over ensuring swift justice.
The Due Process Model prioritizes protecting civil liberties over ensuring swift justice.
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Static refers to factors that are prone to change within the legal system.
Static refers to factors that are prone to change within the legal system.
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Admission into adult court through waiver provides juveniles with the same protections as those in juvenile court.
Admission into adult court through waiver provides juveniles with the same protections as those in juvenile court.
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Extralegal factors are elements that are always aligned with the law.
Extralegal factors are elements that are always aligned with the law.
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The role of a sheriff originated in feudal England as a local law enforcement authority.
The role of a sheriff originated in feudal England as a local law enforcement authority.
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Intermediate Court of Appeals serve as the first level of appellate courts in the federal court system.
Intermediate Court of Appeals serve as the first level of appellate courts in the federal court system.
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Crime Control Model focuses on rehabilitation of offenders rather than suppressing crime.
Crime Control Model focuses on rehabilitation of offenders rather than suppressing crime.
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Marble Cake Federalism symbolizes the separate spheres of power among federal and state governments.
Marble Cake Federalism symbolizes the separate spheres of power among federal and state governments.
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Deinstitutionalization refers to moving individuals from community settings into institutions.
Deinstitutionalization refers to moving individuals from community settings into institutions.
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The doctrine of proportionality suggests that punishment should fit the crime.
The doctrine of proportionality suggests that punishment should fit the crime.
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The best interest of the child is the main principle guiding adult courts.
The best interest of the child is the main principle guiding adult courts.
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United States District Courts serve as appellate courts for federal district courts.
United States District Courts serve as appellate courts for federal district courts.
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What is the primary reason local governments play a critical role in the criminal justice system?
What is the primary reason local governments play a critical role in the criminal justice system?
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Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between local governments and the enforcement of laws?
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between local governments and the enforcement of laws?
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What impact does the political climate have on police departments?
What impact does the political climate have on police departments?
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How does the selection process of criminal justice decision makers in a democratic republic typically occur?
How does the selection process of criminal justice decision makers in a democratic republic typically occur?
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What criticism can be levied against the modern perception of the judiciary in relation to politics?
What criticism can be levied against the modern perception of the judiciary in relation to politics?
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What is the implication of Article Six of the U.S. Constitution regarding conflicts between federal and state law?
What is the implication of Article Six of the U.S. Constitution regarding conflicts between federal and state law?
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Which event marked a significant increase in federal power over states during the 19th century?
Which event marked a significant increase in federal power over states during the 19th century?
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What describes the shift from dual federalism to a state of shared powers between the federal government and states?
What describes the shift from dual federalism to a state of shared powers between the federal government and states?
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What best illustrates the relationship between federal courts and the executive branch in the United States?
What best illustrates the relationship between federal courts and the executive branch in the United States?
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What transition in the concept of federalism is suggested by the idea that dual federalism may no longer accurately describe the current state?
What transition in the concept of federalism is suggested by the idea that dual federalism may no longer accurately describe the current state?
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What is the primary responsibility of Congress in relation to the federal courts?
What is the primary responsibility of Congress in relation to the federal courts?
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Which of the following statements regarding the U.S. Supreme Court is accurate?
Which of the following statements regarding the U.S. Supreme Court is accurate?
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What is indicated by the phrase 'layer cake federalism'?
What is indicated by the phrase 'layer cake federalism'?
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Which of the following accurately describes the jurisdiction of the United States District Courts?
Which of the following accurately describes the jurisdiction of the United States District Courts?
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Which statement is true regarding the role of the federal government in relation to state laws?
Which statement is true regarding the role of the federal government in relation to state laws?
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Congress gives the power to create federal courts other than the ______.
Congress gives the power to create federal courts other than the ______.
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Local governments are critically important to criminal justice because most of the workload of the criminal justice system is taken care of on a ______ level.
Local governments are critically important to criminal justice because most of the workload of the criminal justice system is taken care of on a ______ level.
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The President of the United States appoints Supreme Court justices with the confirmation of the ______.
The President of the United States appoints Supreme Court justices with the confirmation of the ______.
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Although the federal legal system relies on the old common law for its historical foundations, criminal law is mostly a matter of ______.
Although the federal legal system relies on the old common law for its historical foundations, criminal law is mostly a matter of ______.
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Study Notes
Federal Court System
- Supreme Court: Highest court, no further appeals
- Circuit Courts of Appeals: Intermediate appellate courts between district courts and Supreme Court
- District Courts: Trial courts of general jurisdiction at the federal level
- United States Courts of Appeals: Appellate courts for lower federal courts, in 11 judicial districts
- Supremacy Clause (Article VI): Federal law is superior to state law.
- Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): SCOTUS case expanding the supremacy clause.
- Substantial Federal Question: Federal courts hear cases with federal legal issues, like constitutional violations.
Federalism
- Cooperative Federalism: National, state, and local governments work together to solve problems.
- Layer Cake Federalism: Metaphor for separate spheres of federal and state power.
- Marble Cake Federalism: Metaphor for mixing of powers among governments.
- Power of the Purse: Legislative control over government funding.
- Separation of Powers: Division of governmental powers among legislative, judicial, and executive branches.
Juvenile Justice
- Juvenile Court Act of 1899: Established America's first juvenile court in Chicago.
- Parens Patriae: Government's power to act as guardian for those needing care, esp. children.
- Juvenile Delinquency: Violations of law by juveniles.
- Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968: Federal law for community-level responses to juvenile delinquency.
- Deinstitutionalization: Moving residents from institutions (e.g., state hospitals) into the community.
- Informal Diversion: Removing individuals from the justice system without a conviction.
- Waiver: Transfer of juvenile to adult court.
- Best Interest of the Child: Guiding principle in juvenile court.
Criminal Justice
- Crime Control Model: Emphasis on crime suppression and control.
- Due Process Model: Emphasis on protecting civil liberties.
- Doctrine of Proportionality: Punishment should fit the crime.
- Extralegal Factors: Factors outside the law.
- Parole Board: Decides prisoner release on parole.
- Sheriff: Chief law enforcement officer of a county.
Legal Concepts
- Local Government: Governmental bodies of cities, towns, counties, etc.
- Preponderance of Evidence: Standard in civil cases, favoring party with more compelling evidence.
- Policy: Set of guiding principles.
- Politicized: Something becoming political in character.
- Politics: Activities and public debates related to government.
- Partisan Politics: Political decisions driven by party interests and ideology.
- Court of Last Resort: Highest court with no further appeal.
- Static: Unchanging (often used in relation to policies or systems)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of the federal court system and the principles of federalism. This quiz covers essential concepts including the roles of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and the relationship between federal and state powers. Dive into key cases and definitions that shape U.S. law.
