16 Questions
President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his first inaugural address in March 1933 saying he would ‘wage a war against the Depression.
True
In the first 50 days of his Presidency 15 major pieces of legislation were passed.
False
Roosevelt’s first priority was to restore confidence in the banking system.
True
The Emergency Banking Act passed by Congress on 9 March 1933 aimed to support insolvent (bankrupt - unable to pay back debts) banks to boost the economy.
False
In his first fireside chat, Roosevelt urged American citizens to withdraw their money as quickly as they could from the banks.
False
FDR moved to end prohibition through a constitutional amendment during his first term.
True
In April 1933, Congress passed a bill paying farmers to increase agricultural surpluses.
False
The Tennessee Valley Authority Act (TVA) allowed private companies to build dams for flood control and cheap hydroelectric power.
False
The First New Deal included the passing of the National Industrial Recovery Act in April 1933.
True
FDR launched a second series of New Deal programs in the winter of 1935.
False
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of April 1933 guaranteed workers the right to unionize and negotiate for higher wages and working conditions.
True
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided federally funded jobs for the unemployed during as part of FDR’s Second New Deal.
True
By the spring of 1935, the New Deal had succeeded in ending the depression.
False
FDR refused to go as far as to create a Social Security Act to provide pensions and unemployment insurance as part of his Second New Deal.
False
Roosevelt’s, New Deal(s) were universally welcomed by the US population.
False
In spite of all its positive achievements, it was really World War II that brought America out of the depression.
True
Study Notes
- In March 1933, during the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his first inaugural address before a large crowd on Washington's Capitol Plaza.
- He assured Americans he would wage a war against the emergency and declared a four-day bank holiday to prevent people from withdrawing money from struggling banks.
- On March 9, 1933, Congress passed Roosevelt's Emergency Banking Act, which reorganized banks and closed insolvent ones.
- In his first term, FDR moved to end prohibition through a constitutional amendment and the signing of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act (TVA), allowing the federal government to build dams for flood control and cheap hydroelectric power.
- Congress passed a bill in March 1933 paying farmers to leave their land fallow to reduce agricultural surpluses and boost food prices.
- In April 1933, the National Industrial Recovery Act was passed, guaranteeing workers the right to unionize and negotiate for higher wages and better working conditions.
- During the first hundred days of FDR's presidency, nearly every American was affected by his ambitious collection of laws.
- Despite efforts to stimulate the economy, the depression worsened, leading FDR to launch a second series of New Deal programs in the spring of 1935, known as the Second New Deal.
- The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created, providing federally funded jobs for the unemployed and improving American infrastructure through the construction of public works projects.
- The Social Security Act was signed in August 1935, guaranteeing pensions for working Americans and unemployment insurance for workers.
- FDR's New Deal era came to an end on December 8, 1941, when the United States entered World War II after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.
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