Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of stress is responsible for the formation of a normal fault?
What type of stress is responsible for the formation of a normal fault?
- Shear stress
- Compressional stress
- Tensional stress (correct)
- Radial stress
Which statement is true about reverse faults?
Which statement is true about reverse faults?
- They are caused by tensional stress.
- The hanging wall moves downward.
- They are formed by compressional stress. (correct)
- They form at divergent boundaries.
Which type of fault is characterized by horizontal movement?
Which type of fault is characterized by horizontal movement?
- Reverse fault
- Normal fault
- Thrust fault
- Strike-slip fault (correct)
Where do normal faults typically form?
Where do normal faults typically form?
What distinguishes a left-lateral strike-slip fault from a right-lateral strike-slip fault?
What distinguishes a left-lateral strike-slip fault from a right-lateral strike-slip fault?
What type of boundary is associated with reverse faults?
What type of boundary is associated with reverse faults?
The San Andreas Fault is an example of which type of fault?
The San Andreas Fault is an example of which type of fault?
What is a fault in geological terms?
What is a fault in geological terms?
Which of the following statements about the hanging wall and footwall is correct?
Which of the following statements about the hanging wall and footwall is correct?
What type of stress occurs when two blocks of rock push toward one another?
What type of stress occurs when two blocks of rock push toward one another?
Which type of fault occurs when the hanging wall moves above the footwall?
Which type of fault occurs when the hanging wall moves above the footwall?
What is the primary cause of faults in the Earth's crust?
What is the primary cause of faults in the Earth's crust?
Which of the following is not a type of fault?
Which of the following is not a type of fault?
What results from the motion of tectonic plates along plate boundaries?
What results from the motion of tectonic plates along plate boundaries?
Which type of fault occurs when two blocks of rock slide past one another?
Which type of fault occurs when two blocks of rock slide past one another?
Flashcards
Fault
Fault
A fracture in rocks of Earth's crust.
Plate Boundary
Plate Boundary
Where two tectonic plates meet
Normal Fault
Normal Fault
Hanging wall moves down relative to footwall.
Reverse Fault
Reverse Fault
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Strike-Slip Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
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Compressional Stress
Compressional Stress
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Shear Stress
Shear Stress
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Tensional Stress
Tensional Stress
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Dip-slip Fault
Dip-slip Fault
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Study Notes
Faults in Earth's Crust
- Earth's crust is composed of large, moving tectonic plates.
- Plate boundaries are where tectonic plates meet, and different types of faults form depending on the plate movement.
- Faults are fractures in rock within Earth's crust.
- Three main fault types exist: normal, reverse, and strike-slip.
Hanging Wall and Footwall
- A fault has a hanging wall on one side and a footwall on the other.
- The hanging wall's position relative to the footwall depends on the fault type.
Fault Formation Causes
- Faults are caused by stress within Earth's rocks.
- Stress can be:
- Compressional (rocks push together)
- Shear (rocks slide past each other)
- Tensional (rocks pull apart)
Fault Types and Stress
- Normal faults: Caused by tensional stress, the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. Form at divergent plate boundaries.
- Reverse faults: Caused by compressional stress, the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. Form at convergent plate boundaries. Also known as thrust faults.
- Strike-slip faults: Caused by shear stress, the rocks move horizontally past each other. Form at transform plate boundaries. Examples include the San Andreas Fault.
- Fault classification is also based on "dip" (angle of separation from the surface) and "slip" (direction of movement).
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