Lipids 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the carbon numbering convention for fatty acids?

  • Numbering starts from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain.
  • Numbering starts from the longest carbon chain of the fatty acid.
  • Numbering starts from the middle of the fatty acid chain.
  • Numbering starts from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid chain. (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe fatty acids that have 22 or more carbon atoms?

  • Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA)
  • Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) (correct)
  • Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)
  • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)

    • How are double bonds in fatty acids named using the ω-carbon as reference?

  • The first double bond is located one carbon from the ω-carbon.
  • The first double bond is located six carbons from the ω-carbon. (correct)
  • The first double bond is located two carbons from the ω-carbon.
  • The first double bond is located three carbons from the ω-carbon.

    • What is the term used to describe fatty acids that have 6-12 carbon atoms?

    <p>Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are longer fatty acids (≥ 22 carbons) mainly found?

    <p>In the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fatty acids in the body?

    <p>To provide energy storage in the form of triacylglycerols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

    <p>They have a higher melting point compared to unsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phospholipids in the body?

    <p>To provide structural support for cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

    <p>They must be obtained from the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the body?

    <p>To provide energy for the cells during fasting periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the physical properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ?

    <p>Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher melting point and are more solid at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of essential fatty acids?

    <p>They cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained from the diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phospholipids in cell membranes?

    <p>To form a selectively permeable barrier and maintain membrane fluidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the correct statement about the structure of phospholipids.

    <p>They have a polar phosphate head group and two nonpolar fatty acid tails joined by a glycerol backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds, while saturated fatty acids do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of phospholipids in cells?

    <p>Storing energy for cellular processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids for most species?

    <p>5:1 to 10:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key structural component of glycerophospholipids?

    <p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sphingomyelin, a type of sphingophospholipid?

    <p>Provides structural support to cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key physiological function of phosphatidylserine?

    <p>Facilitates cell signaling and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of phosphatidylcholine in cell membranes?

    <p>Maintaining membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key structural component of sphingophospholipids?

    <p>Sphingosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylinositol, a type of glycerophospholipid?

    <p>Facilitates cell signaling and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural difference between glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin?

    <p>Glycerophospholipids contain a glycerol backbone, while sphingomyelin contains a sphingosine backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylserine in cell membranes?

    <p>To act as a signal for apoptosis and blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of sphingophospholipids?

    <p>They contain a long-chain amino alcohol called sphingosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylcholine in cell membranes?

    <p>To provide structural integrity and fluidity to the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of phospholipids is correct?

    <p>The hydrophobic tails are composed of fatty acids or fatty acid-derived hydrocarbons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sphingomyelin in cell membranes?

    <p>To regulate membrane curvature and fluidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phospholipid is a component of the inner mitochondrial membrane and important for blood clotting?

    <p>Cardiolipin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phospholipid is involved in inflammatory cell activation, platelet aggregation, and hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions?

    <p>Platelet-activating factor (PAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synthesis of glycerophospholipids primarily occur?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids?

    <p>Joining of fatty acyl-CoA and glycerol-3-phosphate to form phosphatidic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phospholipid is a major component of the plasma membrane and is involved in cell signaling?

    <p>Phosphatidylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phospholipid is primarily found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and is involved in apoptosis?

    <p>Phosphatidylserine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of hydrophobic molecules such as lipids?

    <p>They are insoluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fatty acid nomenclature, the number of double bonds is indicated by which term?

    <p>Omega position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

    <p>Linoleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of phospholipids in biological membranes?

    <p>Structural component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synthesis of phospholipids primarily take place in cells?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves breaking down phospholipids into their constituent molecules?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key structural component of sphingophospholipids?

    <p>Sphingosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural difference between glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin?

    <p>Glycerophospholipids have a glycerol backbone, while sphingomyelin has a sphingosine backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phospholipid is involved in inflammatory cell activation, platelet aggregation, and hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions?

    <p>Platelet-activating factor (PAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synthesis of glycerophospholipids primarily occur?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylserine in cell membranes?

    <p>Providing a recognition signal for apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phospholipid is a component of the inner mitochondrial membrane and important for blood clotting?

    <p>Cardiolipin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids?

    <p>ω-6 fatty acids have double bonds starting at the 6th carbon from the methyl end, while ω-3 fatty acids have double bonds starting at the 3rd carbon from the methyl end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

    <p>They must be obtained from dietary sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phospholipids in cell membranes?

    <p>To provide structural integrity and fluidity to the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key structural component of glycerophospholipids?

    <p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of sphingomyelin, a type of sphingophospholipid, in cell membranes?

    <p>To provide structural integrity and fluidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

    <p>They are typically solid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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