Fatty Acid Metabolism Quiz

The process of breaking down fatty acids for energy production.

The preparatory step where fatty acids are conjugated with CoA to enter the mitochondria.

The process of breaking down fatty acids two carbons at a time in the mitochondria.

The process of moving fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidation.

The total ATP produced from the complete oxidation of a fatty acid, typically higher than from glucose.

The breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids, which requires additional enzymes due to their double bonds, resulting in a slightly lower energy yield than saturated fatty acids.

The breakdown of odd-numbered fatty acids produces propionyl-CoA, a 3-carbon fragment, which is then converted to succinyl-CoA, a 4-carbon fragment.

An enzyme that changes the structure of a molecule by rearranging its atoms or bonds, specifically important in adjusting the position of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid oxidation.

A coenzyme crucial in the isomerization step of odd-number fatty acid oxidation.

The liver converts acetyl-CoA from fatty acid breakdown into ketone bodies when oxaloacetate (OAA) levels are low.

Peripheral tissues (non-liver) utilize ketone bodies for energy by converting them to acetyl-CoA.

A process involving the conversion of a cis double bond to a trans double bond, performed by a reductase, during certain steps of unsaturated fatty acid $eta$-oxidation.

Starvation and untreated diabetes lead to increased ketone body production due to low oxaloacetate levels and increased fatty acid breakdown.

Due to the need for additional enzymes in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, the total energy production is slightly lower compared to the oxidation of saturated fatty acids.

A serious complication of untreated diabetes where ketone bodies accumulate, causing acidosis due to cells not effectively using the ketone bodies.

A 4-carbon molecule produced from a 3-carbon fragment (propionyl-CoA) during the oxidation of odd-number fatty acids. It is an important intermediate.

Oxaloacetate is crucial in the Citric Acid Cycle. Low OAA levels divert acetyl-CoA to ketone body production, rather than the citric acid cycle.

A process that produces succinyl-CoA, a crucial intermediate.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion to succinyl-CoA

A vitamin, crucial as a cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.

Process of creating fatty acids from simpler molecules.

Precursor molecule in fatty acid synthesis.

Malonyl-CoA stops transport of fatty acids into mitochondria.

Alternative fuel source, including acetoacetate, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate.

A condition resulting from a buildup of ketone bodies.

Process of breaking down fatty acids for energy, stimulated by high glucose.

High glucose stimulates enzyme synthesis for fatty acid precursor molecule (malonyl-CoA), inhibiting beta-oxidation.