Fatty Acid Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of fatty acids in the liver and heart?

  • Transport vitamins through the bloodstream
  • Serve as a structural component of cell membranes
  • Provide a significant source of energy (correct)
  • Store excess carbohydrates as fats

    • Which substance facilitates the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria?

  • Glycerol
  • Coenzyme A
  • Albumin
  • Carnitine (correct)

    • How many ATP molecules are net produced from the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (C16)?

  • 96 ATP
  • 129 ATP (correct)
  • 131 ATP
  • 44 ATP

    • What is the initial step in the activation of fatty acids before oxidation?

    <p>Conjugation with CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of fatty acid oxidation is NADH and FADH2 produced?

    <p>β-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately determines whether acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle or is converted into ketone bodies?

    <p>The level of oxaloacetate (OAA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in untreated diabetes mellitus that leads to the overproduction of ketone bodies?

    <p>Glucose accumulates in the bloodstream due to lack of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxaloacetate levels during starvation, and what is its consequence?

    <p>They decrease, forcing acetyl-CoA to convert to ketone bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological condition results from the inability of peripheral tissues to utilize ketone bodies quickly enough?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of glucagon in the context of ketone body production?

    <p>Promotes beta-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the synthesis of malonyl-CoA in fatty acid oxidation?

    <p>High glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme converts methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA?

    <p>Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of succinyl-CoA?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does malonyl-CoA have on fatty acid oxidation?

    <p>Inhibits the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ketone bodies contributes to ketoacidosis?

    <p>Acetoacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hydroxocobalamin as approved by the FDA in December 2006?

    <p>Remedy for cyanide poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissues are able to utilize ketone bodies when glucose is unavailable?

    <p>Muscles, renal cortex, and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT synthesize Vitamin B12?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a ketone body?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary alternative fuel to sugars mentioned for use in other tissues?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy yield from one NADH during cellular respiration?

    <p>3 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge faced during the oxidation of monounsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Isomerization requires additional enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is needed to produce the trans-2 cis-4 intermediate during the oxidation of some polyunsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What product is generated at the end of the beta-oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids?

    <p>Propionyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does coenzyme B12 primarily catalyze in the metabolism of odd-number fatty acids?

    <p>Isomerization of propionyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the energy yield from polyunsaturated fatty acids compare to that of saturated fatty acids?

    <p>Less energy due to required reducing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Cis double bonds require enzymes for effective oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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