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Questions and Answers
Which type of lipids are the principal stored form of energy?
Which type of lipids are the principal stored form of energy?
What are the major structural elements of biological membranes?
What are the major structural elements of biological membranes?
Which type of lipids are signaling molecules and cofactors?
Which type of lipids are signaling molecules and cofactors?
What is the general formula for fatty acids?
What is the general formula for fatty acids?
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Which type of fatty acids have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains?
Which type of fatty acids have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains?
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Which type of fatty acids do not have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains?
Which type of fatty acids do not have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains?
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Which of the following is true about saturated fatty acids?
Which of the following is true about saturated fatty acids?
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Which fatty acids are most susceptible to lipid peroxidation?
Which fatty acids are most susceptible to lipid peroxidation?
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What are the harmful consequences of lipid peroxidation?
What are the harmful consequences of lipid peroxidation?
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Which of the following is an example of a natural antioxidant?
Which of the following is an example of a natural antioxidant?
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Which molecule is cholesterol synthesized from?
Which molecule is cholesterol synthesized from?
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What is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids called?
What is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids called?
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What is the function of lipids in the body?
What is the function of lipids in the body?
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Which group of lipids includes prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes?
Which group of lipids includes prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes?
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What are the structural components of cell membranes?
What are the structural components of cell membranes?
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What do amphipathic lipids do when mixed with water?
What do amphipathic lipids do when mixed with water?
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What regulates the fluidity of a membrane?
What regulates the fluidity of a membrane?
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What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
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Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds?
Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds?
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What is the systematic name for the fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms?
What is the systematic name for the fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms?
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How are unsaturated fatty acids named?
How are unsaturated fatty acids named?
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What is the ω or n-system used for in fatty acid numbering?
What is the ω or n-system used for in fatty acid numbering?
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Which type of fatty acid is synthesized from linoleic acid?
Which type of fatty acid is synthesized from linoleic acid?
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What is the configuration of double bonds in naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids?
What is the configuration of double bonds in naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids?
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Which of the following is NOT a structural component of biological membranes?
Which of the following is NOT a structural component of biological membranes?
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Which type of lipids are esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain monohydric alcohols?
Which type of lipids are esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain monohydric alcohols?
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Which lipid is a major constituent of pulmonary surfactant and deficiency of it leads to Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Which lipid is a major constituent of pulmonary surfactant and deficiency of it leads to Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
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Which type of lipids contain sphingosine, a long chain amino alcohol?
Which type of lipids contain sphingosine, a long chain amino alcohol?
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Which type of lipids contain a monosaccharide as the polar head group?
Which type of lipids contain a monosaccharide as the polar head group?
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Which compound is a major sterol and a precursor for the synthesis of bile salts, vitamin D, and steroid hormones?
Which compound is a major sterol and a precursor for the synthesis of bile salts, vitamin D, and steroid hormones?
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Study Notes
Lipids Overview
- Triacylglycerols are the principal stored form of energy in the body.
Lipids in Biological Membranes
- Phospholipids are the major structural elements of biological membranes.
Lipid Signaling and Cofactors
- Steroids and eicosanoids are signaling molecules and cofactors.
Fatty Acids
- The general formula for fatty acids is CH₃(CH₂)xCOOH.
- Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains.
- Saturated fatty acids do not have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids are most susceptible to lipid peroxidation.
- Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.
- Lipid peroxidation can lead to cell damage, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
Antioxidants and Cholesterol Synthesis
- Vitamin E is a natural antioxidant.
- Cholesterol is synthesized from acetyl-CoA.
Hydrogenation and Lipid Function
- Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids.
- Lipids have multiple functions in the body, including energy storage and structural roles.
Prostaglandins and Cell Membranes
- Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are eicosanoids.
- Phospholipids and cholesterol are the structural components of cell membranes.
- Amphipathic lipids form a bilayer when mixed with water.
- The fluidity of a membrane is regulated by the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids.
- The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the structure of cellular membranes.
Fatty Acid Nomenclature
- Monounsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.
- Palmitic acid is the systematic name for the fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms.
- Unsaturated fatty acids are named based on the location of the first double bond.
- The ω or n-system is used for fatty acid numbering.
Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Arachidonic acid is synthesized from linoleic acid.
Fatty Acid Configuration
- The double bonds in naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are in the cis configuration.
Biological Membrane Components
- Proteins are not a structural component of biological membranes.
Sphingolipids and Glycolipids
- Sphingolipids are esters of long chain fatty acids with sphingosine, a long chain amino alcohol.
- Glycolipids contain a monosaccharide as the polar head group.
Pulmonary Surfactant
- Sphingomyelin is a major constituent of pulmonary surfactant and deficiency leads to Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Sterols
- Cholesterol is a major sterol and a precursor for the synthesis of bile salts, vitamin D, and steroid hormones.
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Description
Test your knowledge of common double bonds in monoenoic, dienoic, and trienoic acids! Learn the common and systematic names for various fatty acids and their position of double bonds. Challenge yourself with this quiz and improve your understanding of lipid chemistry.
