Biology Chapter: Fats and Lipids

What are fats primarily composed of?

What is the primary characteristic of fats at room temperature?

What indicates the presence of fat in a food sample when conducting the ethanol emulsion test?

What happens to the iodine solution when starch is absent in a food sample?

What role do fats play in animals living in cold climates?

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in organisms?

Which of the following statements about the solubility of proteins is true?

Which molecule serves as a biological catalyst in organisms?

What are fats primarily used for in organisms besides energy storage?

What elements are primarily found in proteins that are not present in carbohydrates or fats?

Fats and Lipids

Fats are also known as lipids
Fats are made of glycerol and three fatty acids
Fats are insoluble in water
Oils are fats that are liquid at room temperature

Testing for Fats and Oils

The ethanol emulsion test is a good way to test for fats
Fats dissolve in ethanol but not in water
When ethanol with dissolved fat is added to water, a cloudy emulsion forms
This is because the fat-ethanol mixture breaks up into tiny droplets

Uses of Fats

Fats are used for storing energy
Some cells in mammals store energy as fats
Animals use fats to insulate their bodies
Animals in cold climates often have thick layers of fat called blubber
Plants store oils in their seeds, which are used during germination

Carbohydrates

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Exist in simple sugars (monosaccharides) and complex sugars (polysaccharides)
Simple sugars are soluble in water, while complex sugars are insoluble
Primary function is to provide easily available energy (17 kJ/g)

Fats

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Composed of fatty acids and glycerol
Insoluble in water
Function as energy storage (39 kJ/g), provide insulation, and form cell membranes

Proteins

Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Constructed from amino acids
Some proteins are soluble in water, while others are not
Crucial for building cells, producing enzymes which are biological catalysts, forming hemoglobin, and providing energy

Explore the fascinating world of fats and lipids in this quiz. Learn about their structure, properties, and significance in both animals and plants. Discover how fats are tested and their essential roles in energy storage and insulation.