Families, Society and Governance

• Families are crucial for socialization and support.
• Family structures differ based on culture, economic status, and the degree of modernization.

Changes in Family Roles

• Economic factors: Dual-income households lead to shared responsibilities.
• Legal protections: Laws exist to combat domestic abuse, child labor, and gender-based discrimination.
• Technology: The Internet and social media impact family communication patterns.
• Cultural Traditions: Customs, language, and celebrations preserve cultural identity within families.

Society and Governance

• Formal groups have established rules and structures, such as schools, churches, political parties, and trade unions.
• Informal groups are more flexible, like friend groups and social clubs.

Cohesion Factors in Groups

• Shared goals: Members collaborate for a common purpose.
• Communication: Open dialogue enhances relationships.
• Trust: Strong bonds foster unity.

Loyalty to Groups

• Loyalty can be shown by representing a school house in sports and academic events.
• Loyalty can be shown by supporting house events and fundraising.
• Wearing house colors displays loyalty.

Crime Prevention

• Neighborhood Watch Programs: Residents collectively monitor and proactively report suspicious activities.
• Community Policing: Police officers develop community relationships to proactively deter crime.
• Youth Engagement Programs: Activities like sports, education, and mentorship divert juvenile delinquency.
• Rehabilitation Programs: Efforts rehabilitate ex-offenders to reintegrate them into society.

Sustainable Development

• Sustainable development involves using resources responsibly for present needs while conserving them for future generations.
• Conservation of Natural Resources: Proper management of land, water, and minerals.
• Renewable Energy Promotion: Using solar, wind, and hydro energy to lessen the reliance on fossil fuels.
• Waste Management: Recycling and reducing pollution are key.
• Sustainable Agriculture: Eco-friendly farming protects the environment.

Population Growth and Life Expectancy

• Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live.

Declining Death Rates

• Better Healthcare: Improved medical care and vaccination programs are increasing life expectancy.
• Improved Sanitation: Clean water and better hygiene reduce disease.
• Education: Knowledge of healthy living increases life expectancy.

Population Growth

• Population growth is determined by birth and death rates.
• Natural Increase is the Birth Rate minus the Death Rate.
• The dependency ratio compares the economically dependent (children and the elderly) to the working-age population.
• A high dependency ratio stresses resources.
• A low dependency ratio allows more economic growth.

Reducing Brain Drain

• Brain drain is the emigration of skilled professionals seeking improved opportunities abroad.
• Strategies to reduce brain drain: Creating local job opportunities and increasing wages.
• Strategies to reduce brain drain: Investing in technology and innovation encourages professionals to stay.
• Strategies to reduce brain drain: Scholarships can be offered if recipients agree to return and work locally.

Globalization

• Insularity can be a challenge of Globalization: National pride sometimes outweighs regional unity.
• Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are a challenge of Globalization: They can dominate local businesses, diminishing economic independence.
• Uneven Economic Growth can be a challenge of Globalization: Globalization can benefit some Caribbean nations more than others.

CSME

• The Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME) fosters regional integration.
• CSME: Removing trade barriers promotes free movement of goods and services.
• CSME: Free movement of labor enables skilled workers to find jobs within CARICOM countries. -CSME: Investment within the region is encouraged, to encourage economic growth and independence.

Tourism

• Caribbean Attractions: Natural Beauty includes beaches, waterfalls, and rainforests.
• Caribbean Attractions: Culture & History includes heritage sites, music, and festivals like Carnival.
• Caribbean Attractions: Adventure & Ecotourism includes hiking, diving, and nature exploration.

Economic Benefits of Tourism

• Tourism provides employment in hotels, transport, and entertainment.
• Tourism generates foreign exchange, boosting economies.
• Tourism promotes infrastructure development like airports and roads.

Regional Integration

• Tourism encourages cross-border collaboration in marketing and travel policies.
• Tourism strengthens cultural exchange between Caribbean nations.
• Tourism promotes the Caribbean as a single tourism destination through regional branding.