Social Institutions and Family Structures

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the family as a social institution?

To facilitate economic exchanges

To nurture offspring from childhood into adulthood (correct)

To enforce societal norms and values

To organize social classes

Which type of kinship is based solely on the female line?

Patrilineal Kinship

Bilineal Kinship

Matrilineal Kinship (correct)

Cognatic Kinship

What is the primary characteristic of polygamous marriages?

A person can only have one spouse.

Marriage must be monogamous in all societies.

Marriage is restricted to same-sex partners only.

A person can have multiple spouses. (correct)

What characterizes a nuclear family?

Consists of parents and their children Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers specifically to a husband having multiple wives?

Polygyny Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a reconstituted family?

Composed of a couple and their children from previous marriages Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental question that economies must address?

What should be produced? Signup and view all the answers

Which type of marriage allows for more than one spouse?

Polygamous Marriage Signup and view all the answers

According to liberal economists, how should economic questions be addressed?

Via market mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

What defines kinship ties in many cultures?

Relationships based on blood or marriage Signup and view all the answers

What do socialists argue about the free-market economy?

Only the bourgeoisie benefits from it. Signup and view all the answers

In which kinship classification do both male and female lines contribute to descent?

Bilineal Kinship Signup and view all the answers

How do social institutions contribute to social order?

By organizing behaviors through rules, norms, and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What does Karl Marx claim about wealth in a capitalist society?

Wealth is concentrated among the bourgeoisie. Signup and view all the answers

Which class does the term 'proletariat' refer to in Marxist theory?

The working class or laborers. Signup and view all the answers

What is deemed essential for maintaining a functioning market economy?

Free competition among individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of abolishing private property according to socialists?

To promote equal distribution of economic resources. Signup and view all the answers

According to Marx, what is communism intended to address?

The alienation of man in a free market system. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'market failures' refer to?

Instances of inefficient market behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of government intervention in the economy?

Regulation of monopolistic companies. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is seen as helping the economy reach its optimal level during a recession?

Government spending as a pump-priming mechanism. Signup and view all the answers

What do liberal economics assume about the market?

It operates on the basis of equal opportunities for all individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of educational institutions?

To ensure functional literacy among individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of health institutions?

To promote universal public health. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes states where religious leaders hold significant power?

Theocracies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of the secularization of society?

Rise in community religious gatherings Signup and view all the answers

How has liberation theology affected the Catholic Church's role in South America?

It has encouraged the Church's involvement in social issues like poverty. Signup and view all the answers

Which region is cited for the influence of liberation theology?

South America Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following extremist groups is mentioned in relation to perverting religious doctrines?

Buddhist extremists in Myanmar Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of educational institutions in society?

To ensure a literate population and transmit culture Signup and view all the answers

Which curriculum is argued to better prepare students for both local and international markets in the Philippines?

The K-12 Curriculum Signup and view all the answers

According to Marxist principles, what should be the role of schools?

To serve as agents for change and foster critical-minded students Signup and view all the answers

What does the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in the Philippines primarily cater to?

Dropouts, out-of-school youth, and senior citizens Signup and view all the answers

What do traditional or alternative health systems emphasize in their approach?

Holistic perspective in health and healing Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the recurrence of symptoms due to incomplete healing in traditional Filipino health beliefs?

Binat Signup and view all the answers

How do the beliefs of a religion typically affect its members?

They shape the norms and actions of the group members Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines monotheistic religions?

Religions that believe in a single god Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social institutions are sets of beliefs, rules, practices, and relationships. They create social order.
Institutions are considered fundamental components of society's culture.
The Institutional approach emphasizes the ordered set of rules, norms, beliefs, or values that shape behavior.
The Relational approach focuses on social relations, understanding how they structure society.

The Family, Marriage and Kinship

The family is a group of people connected by birth, marriage, and shared residence.
It’s vital for nurturing offspring from childhood to adulthood.
Nuclear Families: Composed of parents and children
Extended families: Includes nuclear family members, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
Reconstituted families consist of spouses and their children from previous marriages.
Kinship: Social network built on blood or marriage ties. It can influence an individual's social status.

Types of Kinship Descent

Matrilineal kinship: Descent traced through the female line.
Patrilineal kinship: Descent traced through the male line.
Bilineal kinship: Descent traced through both male and female lines.

Marriage

A formally recognized union between a man and a woman.
Types of marriage:
- Monogamous marriage: A person can have only one spouse.
- Polygamous marriage: A person can have more than one spouse.
  - Polygyny: A husband can take multiple wives.
  - Polyandry: A wife can have multiple husbands.

The Economy

The economy addresses resource allocation in a society.
Key Economic Questions:
- What should be produced?
- How will products be produced?
- What will be the price of these products?

Economic Perspectives

Liberal economists: Believe the market should determine economic decisions.
- Market: A self-regulating mechanism (Adam Smith)
- Free competition: Limits greed and allows for individual choice.
Socialists: Believe the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) dominate the market and only benefit from it.
- Karl Marx: Believed private property should be abolished and controlled by the state to promote equal resource distribution.
- Communism (as defined by Marx): An alternative to the free market system, where the state controls resources and there is no private property.
John Maynard Keynes: Argued for government intervention to prevent market failures (e.g., imperfect competition, information, and mobility).
- Market Failures: When the market becomes inefficient.

Educational and Health Institutions

Both educational and health institutions uphold basic human rights.
They can be state-run or privately owned.

Health Institutions

Ensure access to healthcare services and promote public health..
Types of health systems:
- Western health systems: Based on scientific methods and standardized training.
- Traditional or alternative health systems: Employ holistic approaches and existed before western systems.

Educational Institutions

Ensure functional literacy and transmit culture, beliefs, norms, values, and practices.
Can educate individuals about history and provide a sense of identity.
Equip individuals with skills and knowledge for economic productivity.
- K-12 Curriculum: Aimed at better preparing students for the global market.
Marxist perspective: Argues schools should promote critical thinking and challenge exploitative practices.
Alternative Learning Systems (ALS): Cater to dropouts, out-of-school youth, and senior citizens.
Department of Education´s ALS: Offers a ladderized, non-formal education program.

Religion

A major social institution involving a set of beliefs and practices.
Its beliefs influence members' behavior.
Types of organized groups:
- Church: A universally accessible religious organization.
- Sect: An exclusive religious group that often challenges societal norms.
Classifications of Religions:
- Monotheistic religions: Believe in one god (e.g., Christianity, Judaism, Islam).
- Polytheistic religions: Believe in multiple gods.

The Role of the State

Some states have a secular approach, while others have a strong religious influence.
Theocracies: States where religious leaders hold political power.
Secularization: The decreasing influence of religion in society.
- Indicators: Lower church attendance and secular public policies and practices.
Liberation Theology: Aims to address poverty and social injustices.
Religious extremism: Can perverst religious doctrines (e.g., Buddhist extremists in Myanmar, Islamist extremists like ISIS).

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Description

Explore the concepts of social institutions, family types, and kinship in this quiz. Understand the importance of rules, norms, and relationships that shape societal behavior. Delve into different family structures, including nuclear, extended, and reconstituted families, along with their social implications.