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Questions and Answers
Who declared the Greatest Happiness Principle?
Who declared the Greatest Happiness Principle?
The essence and purpose of technology are considered different according to Martin Heidegger.
The essence and purpose of technology are considered different according to Martin Heidegger.
True
What is the time frame of the Holocene Extinction?
What is the time frame of the Holocene Extinction?
From 12,000 years ago up to the present
_____ is the belief that man is free to carve his own destiny and legislate his own laws without the influence of God.
_____ is the belief that man is free to carve his own destiny and legislate his own laws without the influence of God.
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Match the philosophers with their corresponding ideas:
Match the philosophers with their corresponding ideas:
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Which of the following is NOT one of Isaac Asimov's Laws of Robotics?
Which of the following is NOT one of Isaac Asimov's Laws of Robotics?
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The Vienna Circle believed that only observable results should be regarded as meaningful.
The Vienna Circle believed that only observable results should be regarded as meaningful.
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What is the primary focus of the verification theory?
What is the primary focus of the verification theory?
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Epicurus led the philosophy of ________, which emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure.
Epicurus led the philosophy of ________, which emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure.
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Match the following philosophical concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following philosophical concepts with their descriptions:
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Which type of robot is considered to perform useful tasks for humans without commercial intent?
Which type of robot is considered to perform useful tasks for humans without commercial intent?
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According to stoicism, one must seek out all pleasures to achieve happiness.
According to stoicism, one must seek out all pleasures to achieve happiness.
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What is the main purpose of conducting experiments in scientific methods?
What is the main purpose of conducting experiments in scientific methods?
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Who is known for promoting the concept of falsification theory?
Who is known for promoting the concept of falsification theory?
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The first portable computer, Osborne 1, was designed by Charles Babbage.
The first portable computer, Osborne 1, was designed by Charles Babbage.
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What was the significance of the DynaTAC 8000X in mobile phone history?
What was the significance of the DynaTAC 8000X in mobile phone history?
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On April 3, 1973, ___ made the world's first mobile phone call.
On April 3, 1973, ___ made the world's first mobile phone call.
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Match the following inventors with their inventions:
Match the following inventors with their inventions:
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of technological advancements according to the content?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of technological advancements according to the content?
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The number of households with televisions reached ___ million.
The number of households with televisions reached ___ million.
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The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) are related to advancements in robotics.
The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) are related to advancements in robotics.
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What concept suggests finding the meaning of life using God as the central point?
What concept suggests finding the meaning of life using God as the central point?
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The Holocene Extinction is considered an ongoing process due to human activity.
The Holocene Extinction is considered an ongoing process due to human activity.
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Who argued that the essence and purpose of technology are different from each other?
Who argued that the essence and purpose of technology are different from each other?
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The earliest case of man-made extinction possibly occurred due to __________ and territorial disputes.
The earliest case of man-made extinction possibly occurred due to __________ and territorial disputes.
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Match the following philosophers with their ideas:
Match the following philosophers with their ideas:
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Which inventor is credited with creating the first portable computer?
Which inventor is credited with creating the first portable computer?
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Falsification theory, proposed by Karl Popper, states that as long as a theory is not proven false, it should be accepted.
Falsification theory, proposed by Karl Popper, states that as long as a theory is not proven false, it should be accepted.
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Name the mobile phone that was the first to be commercially available in 1983.
Name the mobile phone that was the first to be commercially available in 1983.
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The first mobile phone call was made by Martin Cooper on April 3, _____
The first mobile phone call was made by Martin Cooper on April 3, _____
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What was a notable impact of advancements in technology on mortality rates?
What was a notable impact of advancements in technology on mortality rates?
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Who was a notable proponent of the falsification theory?
Who was a notable proponent of the falsification theory?
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The literacy rate has no impact on a society's ability to achieve a just social order.
The literacy rate has no impact on a society's ability to achieve a just social order.
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What is the first law of robotics as defined by Isaac Asimov?
What is the first law of robotics as defined by Isaac Asimov?
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Epistemology in science prioritizes measurable and repeatable experiments.
Epistemology in science prioritizes measurable and repeatable experiments.
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A robot that performs useful tasks for humans without commercial intent is classified as a __________ robot.
A robot that performs useful tasks for humans without commercial intent is classified as a __________ robot.
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Match the following philosophies with their key concepts:
Match the following philosophies with their key concepts:
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Which philosopher is associated with the idea that happiness requires detachment from pleasure?
Which philosopher is associated with the idea that happiness requires detachment from pleasure?
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Robots must prioritize their own existence above human safety according to Asimov's Laws.
Robots must prioritize their own existence above human safety according to Asimov's Laws.
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What is a common goal of conducting pre-competitive R&D activities in technology?
What is a common goal of conducting pre-competitive R&D activities in technology?
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What is the primary belief of materialists like Democritus and Leucippus?
What is the primary belief of materialists like Democritus and Leucippus?
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The Holocene Extinction refers to the ongoing process of species extinction due to human activity.
The Holocene Extinction refers to the ongoing process of species extinction due to human activity.
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Who is known for declaring the Greatest Happiness Principle?
Who is known for declaring the Greatest Happiness Principle?
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Technology derives from the Greek words ______ and ______, meaning 'art' and 'word'.
Technology derives from the Greek words ______ and ______, meaning 'art' and 'word'.
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What is the primary benefit of technological advancements on mortality rates?
What is the primary benefit of technological advancements on mortality rates?
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Karl Popper suggested that for a theory to be accepted, it must be proven false.
Karl Popper suggested that for a theory to be accepted, it must be proven false.
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Who made the world's first mobile phone call?
Who made the world's first mobile phone call?
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The first commercially available mobile phone was the __________.
The first commercially available mobile phone was the __________.
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Match the following inventors with their contributions:
Match the following inventors with their contributions:
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Which statement best describes eudaimonia, as coined by Aristotle?
Which statement best describes eudaimonia, as coined by Aristotle?
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What is the role of a robot in personal service industries?
What is the role of a robot in personal service industries?
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The increase in literacy rates can lead to a more informed public and potentially a just society.
The increase in literacy rates can lead to a more informed public and potentially a just society.
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The verification theory values experiments that cannot be repeated or measured.
The verification theory values experiments that cannot be repeated or measured.
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What percentage of urban municipalities, according to Kantar Media, have at least one television set?
What percentage of urban municipalities, according to Kantar Media, have at least one television set?
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The philosophy that emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure is called ______.
The philosophy that emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure is called ______.
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What is one significant aspect of the scientific method?
What is one significant aspect of the scientific method?
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Hedonists believe in the idea of an afterlife as part of their philosophy.
Hedonists believe in the idea of an afterlife as part of their philosophy.
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What does the term 'apathy' mean in stoicism?
What does the term 'apathy' mean in stoicism?
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Which of the following factors has contributed to a lower mortality rate for women and children during birth in modern times?
Which of the following factors has contributed to a lower mortality rate for women and children during birth in modern times?
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The first mobile phone call was made by Alexander Graham Bell.
The first mobile phone call was made by Alexander Graham Bell.
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Who is considered the proponent of the falsification theory?
Who is considered the proponent of the falsification theory?
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What is the main concept emphasized by John Stuart Mill in his philosophy?
What is the main concept emphasized by John Stuart Mill in his philosophy?
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Materialism was first articulated by modern philosophers in the 20th century.
Materialism was first articulated by modern philosophers in the 20th century.
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Paul Gottlieb Nipkow created the electric __________ to send images through wires.
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow created the electric __________ to send images through wires.
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Match the following technological advancements with their inventors:
Match the following technological advancements with their inventors:
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What term is used to describe the ongoing extinction of species due to human activity?
What term is used to describe the ongoing extinction of species due to human activity?
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According to Martin Heidegger, the essence of technology is different from its __________.
According to Martin Heidegger, the essence of technology is different from its __________.
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What is one significant societal impact of increased literacy rates?
What is one significant societal impact of increased literacy rates?
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The first commercial mobile phone was the __________.
The first commercial mobile phone was the __________.
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Match the following philosophers with their corresponding ideas:
Match the following philosophers with their corresponding ideas:
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What is eudaimonia, as coined by Aristotle?
What is eudaimonia, as coined by Aristotle?
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What is the first step in the scientific method?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
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According to the verification theory, disciplines that cannot be empirically confirmed are considered meaningful.
According to the verification theory, disciplines that cannot be empirically confirmed are considered meaningful.
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List one of Isaac Asimov's Laws of Robotics.
List one of Isaac Asimov's Laws of Robotics.
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Hedonists pursue pleasure, while stoics believe in __________ from emotional disturbances.
Hedonists pursue pleasure, while stoics believe in __________ from emotional disturbances.
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Match the types of robots with their descriptions:
Match the types of robots with their descriptions:
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What philosophical stance argues against a notion of an afterlife and emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure?
What philosophical stance argues against a notion of an afterlife and emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure?
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Robots are required to follow human orders without exception according to Asimov's Laws.
Robots are required to follow human orders without exception according to Asimov's Laws.
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What is the primary focus of conducting pre-competitive R&D activities in technology?
What is the primary focus of conducting pre-competitive R&D activities in technology?
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Which philosopher argued that happiness can only be attained by the practice of apathy?
Which philosopher argued that happiness can only be attained by the practice of apathy?
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Humanism emphasizes the idea of finding meaning in life using God as a central point.
Humanism emphasizes the idea of finding meaning in life using God as a central point.
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What period is characterized by man-made extinctions occurring from as early as 12,000 years ago?
What period is characterized by man-made extinctions occurring from as early as 12,000 years ago?
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The philosophical stance that the world is composed of tiny, indivisible units is known as __________.
The philosophical stance that the world is composed of tiny, indivisible units is known as __________.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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What was a significant invention by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow in the late 1800s?
What was a significant invention by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow in the late 1800s?
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Karl Popper is known for supporting the verification theory of science.
Karl Popper is known for supporting the verification theory of science.
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Which mobile phone model is recognized as the first commercial phone released in 1983?
Which mobile phone model is recognized as the first commercial phone released in 1983?
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The Analytical engine was designed by __________.
The Analytical engine was designed by __________.
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Match the following keywords with their definitions:
Match the following keywords with their definitions:
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Which of the following advancements has contributed to lower mortality rates?
Which of the following advancements has contributed to lower mortality rates?
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The installation of television sets has increased in both urban and rural areas.
The installation of television sets has increased in both urban and rural areas.
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Who made the world's first mobile phone call on April 3, 1973?
Who made the world's first mobile phone call on April 3, 1973?
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The Vienna Circle believed that all results should be considered meaningful, regardless of observability.
The Vienna Circle believed that all results should be considered meaningful, regardless of observability.
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What are the three laws of robotics proposed by Isaac Asimov?
What are the three laws of robotics proposed by Isaac Asimov?
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According to hedonism, the ultimate purpose of life is to acquire ______.
According to hedonism, the ultimate purpose of life is to acquire ______.
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Which philosophy suggests that happiness comes from detaching from pleasure?
Which philosophy suggests that happiness comes from detaching from pleasure?
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Robots must prioritize their own existence over all other considerations according to Asimov's Laws.
Robots must prioritize their own existence over all other considerations according to Asimov's Laws.
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What does autonomy in robots refer to?
What does autonomy in robots refer to?
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Study Notes
Falsification Theory
- Current scientific methodology asserts that theories are acceptable as long as they haven't been proven false, not just supported
- Karl Popper supported this; proposed that theories should be falsifiable and that theories are not true or false but rather testable
- Theories that are testable are often the theories that are accepted in science
Notable Comparisons
- Mortality rate: technology has reduced deaths during childbirth, leading to higher population and workforce
- Average lifespan: improved healthcare and medical advancements mean people are less likely to die from common diseases
- Literacy rates: increased access to education allows for greater public awareness
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP): a measure of a country's goods and services produced within the country in a certain period; although not a perfect measure of average lifestyle
Televisions, Mobile Phones, Computers, and Humanity
- Televisions: 92% of urban and 70% of rural homes in several areas have at least one television set
- Mobile phones: Martin Cooper made the first mobile phone call in 1973 using a Motorola phone
- Computers: Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, and the Osborne 1 was one of the earliest portable computers (1981)
STS Midterms (CH2)
- Science relies on observation, problem definition, hypothesis formation, experimentation, analysis, conclusion drawing, and recommendations
- Empiricism is a key method that emphasizes measurable and repeatable experiments; any scientific work must hold up to repeated tests and experiments
- Scientists reject ideas that cannot be observed and verified directly
Robots & Humanity
- Robots: robots are increasingly versatile with more degrees of autonomy and abilities
- Service robots: used in commercial/industrial settings; professionals, personal; excluding home assistance
- Robots need to be designed so that they do not harm humans or violate human rights, laws
Philosophy & Ethics
- Hedonism: Epicurus defined this as the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain as the ultimate goal; pleasures include food, drink, and other sensations
- Stoicism: Epicurus asserted that finding happiness involves removing oneself from external affairs
- Theism and Humanism: these are belief systems that provide different views on the meaning of human life in the world, with the differences laying in the nature and role of God or divine forces
Human Condition
- Early human history (100,000-200,000 years ago): a period of significant change & biological evolution, leading to the sixth/Anthropocene extinction which exists to this day
- Technology: Martin Heidegger suggested that the purpose of technology is different from its individual use
- Happiness as a goal: John Stuart Mill’s principle of the greatest happiness is how much happiness could be achieved through actions of a given situation
- Materialism: Democritus and Leucippus asserted that the world is comprised of indivisible units that create everything in the universe (atomos)
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Description
Explore the concept of falsification theory as proposed by Karl Popper, focusing on how it shapes scientific methodology. Additionally, examine notable comparisons in mortality rates, average lifespan, literacy rates, and GDP, highlighting the impact of technology and advancements on humanity.
