Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which action could be considered an example of steering?
Which action could be considered an example of steering?
- Showing minority clients properties only in predominantly minority neighborhoods. (correct)
- Setting different commission rates based on the location of the property.
- Advertising properties only in newspapers that target a specific racial group.
- Refusing to show properties in a specific neighborhood to all clients.
A real estate agent includes the phrase 'perfect for a young family' in a property advertisement. Why might this violate fair housing laws?
A real estate agent includes the phrase 'perfect for a young family' in a property advertisement. Why might this violate fair housing laws?
- It implies the neighborhood is not suitable for singles.
- It explicitly excludes adults-only households.
- It is a violation if children could damage the property.
- It indicates a preference based on familial status. (correct)
What is the primary purpose of using testers in fair housing enforcement?
What is the primary purpose of using testers in fair housing enforcement?
- To assess the market value of properties in different neighborhoods.
- To identify real estate agents who are engaging in discriminatory practices. (correct)
- To mediate disputes between landlords and tenants.
- To provide educational resources to potential homebuyers.
Under the Fair Housing Act, which of the following actions is permissible?
Under the Fair Housing Act, which of the following actions is permissible?
What is the legal consequence of violating a cease and desist order in a non-solicitation zone?
What is the legal consequence of violating a cease and desist order in a non-solicitation zone?
In New York State, under what circumstances does the 'Mrs. Murphy's Exemption' apply?
In New York State, under what circumstances does the 'Mrs. Murphy's Exemption' apply?
Which of the following is a responsibility of a real estate brokerage regarding fair housing?
Which of the following is a responsibility of a real estate brokerage regarding fair housing?
How does the Civil Rights Act of 1866 differ from the Fair Housing Act of 1968?
How does the Civil Rights Act of 1866 differ from the Fair Housing Act of 1968?
Which of the following actions constitutes redlining?
Which of the following actions constitutes redlining?
What is the role of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in fair housing?
What is the role of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in fair housing?
A landlord refuses to rent to a qualified applicant because the applicant has a service animal. Which law is the landlord potentially violating?
A landlord refuses to rent to a qualified applicant because the applicant has a service animal. Which law is the landlord potentially violating?
An agent notices another agent in their office is making discriminatory statements to clients. What is the appropriate course of action?
An agent notices another agent in their office is making discriminatory statements to clients. What is the appropriate course of action?
Which of the following scenarios best describes blockbusting?
Which of the following scenarios best describes blockbusting?
According to the N.Y. State Human Rights Law, which of the following is a protected characteristic?
According to the N.Y. State Human Rights Law, which of the following is a protected characteristic?
Which entity is responsible for establishing cease and desist zones in New York?
Which entity is responsible for establishing cease and desist zones in New York?
A real estate agent is asked by a seller to only show their home to families. What is the agent's ethical and legal obligation?
A real estate agent is asked by a seller to only show their home to families. What is the agent's ethical and legal obligation?
What is a key difference between the Fair Housing Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
What is a key difference between the Fair Housing Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
Following the Jones vs. Mayer Supreme Court Decision (1968), what type of discrimination was prohibited in the sale or rental of property?
Following the Jones vs. Mayer Supreme Court Decision (1968), what type of discrimination was prohibited in the sale or rental of property?
What does 'familial status' refer to under the Fair Housing Act?
What does 'familial status' refer to under the Fair Housing Act?
A landlord has a 'no pets' policy but refuses to allow a tenant with a documented emotional support animal. Which law are they potentially violating?
A landlord has a 'no pets' policy but refuses to allow a tenant with a documented emotional support animal. Which law are they potentially violating?
What should real estate agents do to stay compliant with fair housing laws when advertising properties?
What should real estate agents do to stay compliant with fair housing laws when advertising properties?
A prospective buyer asks a real estate agent about the racial composition of a neighborhood. How should the agent respond?
A prospective buyer asks a real estate agent about the racial composition of a neighborhood. How should the agent respond?
Which of the following is an example of an appropriate advertising message for a real estate listing?
Which of the following is an example of an appropriate advertising message for a real estate listing?
How should a real estate agent handle a situation where a seller explicitly directs them to discriminate against potential buyers?
How should a real estate agent handle a situation where a seller explicitly directs them to discriminate against potential buyers?
Why is it important for real estate agents to be aware of non-solicitation zones?
Why is it important for real estate agents to be aware of non-solicitation zones?
If a disabled tenant makes modifications to a unit, who is generally responsible for the cost?
If a disabled tenant makes modifications to a unit, who is generally responsible for the cost?
Which law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
Which law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
What is the ruling in the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court case best known for?
What is the ruling in the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court case best known for?
Which Supreme Court case overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
Which Supreme Court case overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
What is the term for the decline in value of properties in neighborhoods that were once middle or upper-middle income?
What is the term for the decline in value of properties in neighborhoods that were once middle or upper-middle income?
What is the legal definition of 'disability' or 'handicap' in the context of fair housing?
What is the legal definition of 'disability' or 'handicap' in the context of fair housing?
Why is offering different loan terms based on marital status a violation of fair lending practices?
Why is offering different loan terms based on marital status a violation of fair lending practices?
Which action would be considered steering?
Which action would be considered steering?
Flashcards
Testers
Testers
Volunteers enforcing fair housing by posing as home seekers to check brokers' fairness.
Steering
Steering
Guiding home buyers to or away from certain neighborhoods based on race, which is illegal.
Blockbusting
Blockbusting
The practice of inducing homeowners to sell quickly at low prices due to fear of minority groups entering the neighborhood.
Redlining
Redlining
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Disability / Handicap
Disability / Handicap
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Fair Housing Act of 1968
Fair Housing Act of 1968
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HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development)
HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development)
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N.Y. State Human Rights Law
N.Y. State Human Rights Law
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Steering
Steering
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Blockbusting
Blockbusting
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Cease and Desist List
Cease and Desist List
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Familial Status
Familial Status
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Non-Solicitation Order
Non-Solicitation Order
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Testers
Testers
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Steering
Steering
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Blockbusting
Blockbusting
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Redlining
Redlining
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Study Notes
- Testers are volunteers from state or private agencies who pose as home seekers to ensure fair housing practices.
- Steering is when real estate brokers guide home buyers to or away from certain neighborhoods based on race, which is illegal.
Broker & Salesperson Responsibilities
- Maintain a fair housing office.
- Advertise the presence of a fair housing office.
- Uphold the concept of fair housing.
- Have an in-house fair housing specialist to provide ongoing training and education.
- Report any fair housing misconduct.
Advertising Messages
- Appropriate advertising messages include: unit size, unit cost, and general location.
- Inappropriate advertising messages include: "good for family with children," "good for retirees," or proximity to religious institutions.
Laws & Acts
- The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) prohibits discrimination based on disability.
- The Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination based on race.
- The Fair Housing Act of 1968 protects buyers/renters from discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, national origin, familial status, or disability.
- Disability/Handicap refers to the consequences of an impairment (physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, or a combination).
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
- HUD was established in 1965.
- HUD aims to provide decent housing and living environments for all Americans.
- HUD addresses housing needs, develops communities, and enforces fair housing laws.
N.Y. State Human Rights Law
- This law protects against discrimination based on age, creed, race, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, disability, military status, domestic violence victim status, arrest record, conviction record, predisposing genetic characteristics, and familial status.
Exemptions
- The single-family home exemption is also known as the "Ms. Murphy's exemption".
- It applies to 2-family homes in NYS and 4 elsewhere.
Illegal Practices:
- Steering: Illegally guiding prospective home buyers based on race.
- Blockbusting: Inducing homeowners to sell quickly at low prices by creating fear related to minority groups entering the neighborhood.
- Redlining: Illegally refusing to lend money in specific areas.
Brokerage Office Duties
- Brokerage offices must advertise fair housing laws and ensure salespeople are familiar with them and receive continuing education on them.
Individual Agent Duties
- Individual agents are responsible for staying updated on fair housing laws, including federal, NYS, and NYC laws.
- Agents should know where non-solicitation zones are and exercise extra caution in those areas.
Modifications
- Modifications inside a unit for a disabled tenant must be paid for by the tenant.
Cease and Desist List
- This list contains homeowners who do not wish to be solicited by real estate brokers or salespersons.
- Soliciting listed homeowners can lead to license suspension or revocation.
Familial Status
- Includes single persons, pregnant women, or households with children under 18 living with parents or legal custodians.
Filtering Down
- Filtering down refers to the decline in value of properties in formerly middle or upper-middle-income neighborhoods.
Jones vs. Mayer Supreme Court Decision (1968)
- This decision allows Congress to regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination.
- It bars all racial discrimination in property sales or rentals, both private and public.
Marital Status
- Refers to whether a person is "married" or "single".
Non-Solicitation Order
- This rule is adopted by the Secretary of State to prohibit solicitation in specific areas.
- It is implemented after a public hearing shows that homeowners have been subject to intense solicitations that cause them to believe property values may decrease due to changes in the neighborhood.
Important Civil Rights Cases
- Civil Rights Act of 1964: outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
- Civil Rights Act of 1866: prohibits all discrimination on the basis of race only
- Fair Housing Act of 1968: protects a buyer/renter of a dwelling from seller/landlord discrimination with regards to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, familial status, or disability
- 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson: concluded that 'separate is equal'
- 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education: Supreme Court case which concluded that 'separate is NOT equal'
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