30 Questions
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in maintaining immunological tolerance?
Regulatory T cells suppress the immune response to self-antigens and prevent autoimmunity.
Which of the following is a key mechanism by which regulatory T cells maintain peripheral tolerance?
Regulatory T cells inhibit the proliferation and function of effector T cells through the suppression of IL-2 signaling.
Which transcription factor is critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells?
FOXP3
How do regulatory T cells contribute to the maintenance of central tolerance?
Regulatory T cells induce the apoptosis of immature lymphocytes in the thymus that recognize self-antigens too strongly.
Which of the following is a key factor that influences the development of regulatory T cells?
High levels of IL-2 signaling
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to the breakdown of immunological tolerance and the development of autoimmune diseases?
Decreased expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells.
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the immune system?
To suppress the activity of effector T cells
Which cytokine is critical for the development and maintenance of regulatory T cells?
IL-2
What is the role of the transcription factor FOXP3 in regulatory T cell development?
FOXP3 inhibits the expression of genes involved in T cell activation
Which of the following is a mechanism by which regulatory T cells suppress the activity of effector T cells?
Inhibiting the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells
How does the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells differ from its expression in other T cell subsets?
FOXP3 is expressed at higher levels in regulatory T cells compared to other T cell subsets
Which of the following factors is most important for the maintenance of regulatory T cell homeostasis?
Signaling through the IL-2 receptor
What is the primary purpose of B cell tolerance in the bone marrow?
To prevent antibody responses to self-antigens
Which of the following is a key mechanism by which B cell tolerance is maintained in the context of self-recognition?
Receptor editing
How does B cell tolerance play a role in the recognition of non-protein antigens?
B cells have the ability to recognize a broader range of antigens, including polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of B cell tolerance in maintaining immune homeostasis?
Regulating the development of regulatory T cells
How does maintaining appropriate avidity help regulate the immune response in the context of B cell tolerance?
It prevents excessive activation against self-antigens while allowing effective responses against pathogens
What is the significance of B cell tolerance, particularly in the bone marrow, for preventing autoimmune reactions?
It is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by preventing antibody responses to self-antigens
Which of the following is a key transcription factor involved in the development and function of regulatory T cells?
FOXP3
What is the role of IL-2 signaling in the maintenance and function of regulatory T cells?
IL-2 signaling is critical for the survival and suppressive function of regulatory T cells
Which of the following is a mechanism by which regulatory T cells suppress the activation and proliferation of effector T cells?
Regulatory T cells inhibit the production of IL-2 by effector T cells
How does the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells contribute to their suppressive function?
FOXP3 regulates the expression of genes involved in the suppressive mechanisms of regulatory T cells
What is the role of thymic-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs) in the maintenance of self-tolerance?
tTregs suppress the proliferation and activation of self-reactive T cells in the periphery
How does the disruption of regulatory T cell development or function contribute to the development of autoimmunity?
Disruption of regulatory T cells leads to increased activation and proliferation of self-reactive effector T cells
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the immune system?
Maintain peripheral tolerance to self-antigens and prevent excessive immune responses
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the avidity of an antibody's interaction with an antigen?
The size and shape of the antibody molecule
Which of the following statements about FOXP3 expression is correct?
FOXP3 is exclusively expressed in regulatory T cells and is essential for their function
What is the primary mechanism by which regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses?
Inhibition of the activation and function of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells
Which of the following statements about the role of IL-2 signaling in regulatory T cell development is correct?
IL-2 signaling is essential for the development and maintenance of regulatory T cells
What is the consequence of regulatory T cell dysfunction in the immune system?
Increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases due to unchecked immune responses against self-antigens
Explore the factors that affect the strength of the interaction between antibodies and antigens, including affinity, valency, and the arrangement of binding sites on antigens.
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