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Questions and Answers
Which analyte respectively increases and decreases in the morning (AM) and in the evening (PM) due to diurnal variation?
What impact does recent food ingestion have on ionized calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) and potassium levels?
Which analyte increases due to both age and posture when standing?
Which analyte requires fasting for accurate measurement?
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Which analyte increases with exercise and decreases with race (black vs. white males)?
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Which of the following analytes is affected by stress, resulting in an increase?
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Hemolysis has a marked impact on which of the following analytes?
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What is the effect of day-to-day variation on the analyte ALT?
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Study Notes
Variables Affecting Select Chemistry Analytes
Age
- Albumin, ALP, phosphorus, and cholesterol levels are affected by age, with ALP increasing with older age
Gender
- Males: Albumin, ALP, creatine, Ca2+, uric acid, CK, AST, phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, Mg2+, bilirubin, and cholesterol levels are higher
- Females: Fe, cholesterol, y-globulins, and α-lipoproteins levels are higher
Diurnal Variation
- AM: ACTH, cortisol, Fe, and aldosterone levels are higher
- PM: ACP, growth hormone, PTH, and TSH levels are lower
Day-to-Day Variation
- ≈20% variability in ALT, bilirubin, Fe, TSH, and triglyceride levels
Recent Food Ingestion
- Glucose, insulin, triglycerides, gastrin, and ionized Ca2+ levels increase
- Chloride, phosphorus, potassium, amylase, and ALP levels decrease
Posture
- Albumin, cholesterol, aldosterone, and Ca2+ levels increase when standing
Activity
- Ambulatory patients: CK levels increase
- Exercise: lactic acid, creatine, protein, CK, AST, and LD levels increase, while cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease
Stress
- ACTH, cortisol, and catecholamine levels increase
Race
- Black individuals: TP, albumin, IgG, and IgA levels are higher
- Black males: CK and LD levels are higher
- Cholesterol and triglyceride levels are higher in black and white individuals over 40 years old
Fasting Requirements
- Fasting is required for glucose, lipid panel, gastrin, insulin, and aldosterone/renin tests
Anaerobic and ICE Slurry Requirements
- Lactic acid, ammonia, blood gas, and iCa2+ levels require immediate cooling and analysis within 30 minutes
Hemolysis
- K, ammonia, PO4, Fe, Mg2+, ALT, AST, LD, ALP, ACP, catecholamines, and CK levels increase with hemolysis
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Description
Learn how age, gender, and diurnal variations impact different chemistry analytes, including albumin, creatine, and cholesterol. Identify the factors that influence the levels of these analytes.
