Clinical Chemistry and Diagnostic Tests

What is one of the main uses of clinical chemistry tests?

To perform surgery
To provide treatment for a disease
To diagnose disease (correct)
To develop new medicines

What type of specimen is commonly used in clinical chemistry tests?

Blood and urine (correct)
Tissue and mucus
Urine and stool
Saliva and sweat

Which of the following can be diagnosed with a blood glucose test?

Cancer
Diabetes mellitus (correct)
Asthma
Hypertension

What can elevated levels of certain enzymes in the blood indicate?

Organ damage or disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of measuring electrolytes in the blood?

To indicate certain metabolic and kidney disorders (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormones in clinical chemistry?

To monitor hormone secretion by endocrine glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of near patient testing (NPT)?

Reducing the turnaround time for test results (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who can perform chemical investigations through near patient testing (NPT)?

Clinicians, medical students, nursing staff, and other non-laboratory personnel (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a clinical setting where near patient testing (NPT) devices are used?

Accident and Emergency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of near patient testing (NPT)?

Potential for higher costs on a direct charge basis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a test that can be performed in a General Practice or Outpatient Clinic using near patient testing (NPT)?

Urine dipstick testing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for near patient testing (NPT)?

Alternative site testing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of polyuria in Diabetes Mellitus?

Increased urine osmolality (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of anuria?

Severe damage to the renal tubules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of urine in urinary schistosomiasis?

Red and cloudy with blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of oliguria?

Decreased GFR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of urine in blackwater fever?

Brown and cloudy due to free haemoglobin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of urine in Bancrotian filariasis?

Milky-white due to chyle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for protecting specimens from sunlight and fluorescent light?

To prevent photo degradation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in serum protein between Blacks and Whites?

Blacks have a higher serum protein than Whites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in serum albumin between Blacks and Whites?

Blacks have a lower serum albumin than Whites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities between Blacks and Whites?

Blacks have a higher activity than Whites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in serum cholesterol and triglycerides between Blacks and Whites after 40 years?

Whites have a higher serum cholesterol and triglycerides than Blacks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in glucose tolerance between Blacks and Whites?

Blacks have a lower glucose tolerance than Whites (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances has a higher concentration in women than in men?

Gamma globulin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for high urinary excretion of amino acids in neonates?

Immaturity of tubular reabsorptive mechanisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the blood glucose level low in neonates?

Small glycogen reserves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of serum bilirubin in neonates?

It rises after birth and peaks on the 3rd to 5th day (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes has a lower activity at birth compared to other enzymes?

Alanine Transaminase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of serum thyroxine in healthy newborns?

It is appreciably high at birth and declines over the first year (C) Signup and view all the answers