Factories and Environmental Acts in Malaysia

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Questions and Answers

Who was appointed as the first Machinery Inspector in Malaysia in 1878?

Mr. William Givan (correct)

The Inspector of Boilers

C. Finchman

Assistant Inspector of Machinery

What significant change occurred in January 1914 regarding boiler inspection?

The Boiler Surveyor system was introduced.

The position of Boiler Inspector was established.

A new inspectorate for internal combustion engines was created.

The boiler enactments were repealed. (correct)

What was introduced by the Perak state government in the 1890s?

Machinery Ordinance

Safety regulation for all machinery

Boiler Surveyor system (correct)

Inspector of Machinery

What legislation was first enacted in Perak in 1903?

Legal boiler enactment Signup and view all the answers

Which enactment replaced the Steam Boiler enactments in 1914?

Machinery Enactment of 1913 Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Machinery Enactment of 1932 enacted?

1932 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the inspectors under the Machinery Enactment of 1913?

Examining water turbines Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Machinery Branch separated from the Department of Mines in 1952?

To focus on non-mining machinery inspections Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the Ordinance 1953 introduce regarding the role of examiners?

Included worker safety in factories Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable shortfall of the Ordinance 1953?

Inadequate enforcement of health aspects Signup and view all the answers

What did the Factories and Machinery Act of 1967 primarily change?

It expanded coverage to more workers Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994?

To foster safety awareness among workers Signup and view all the answers

Which industries were primarily covered under the Factories and Machinery Act 1967?

Manufacturing, mining, and construction Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total workforce was covered by the Factories and Machinery Act 1967?

24% Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 promote for safety regulation?

Self-regulation by industries Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the nation’s total manpower is covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which sector is NOT covered by the Factory and Machinery Act 1967?

Armed Forces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of workplace injuries?

Loss of work hours Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of creating a healthy and safe workplace?

Higher quality products Signup and view all the answers

How can companies promote employee loyalty towards safety measures?

By budgeting for safety improvements Signup and view all the answers

Which of these industries does NOT fall under the coverage of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994?

Shipbuilding Signup and view all the answers

What is a cost-effective outcome of effective workplace safety management?

Minimized loss and accidents Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to lower staff absence due to sickness?

Well-managed workplace safety Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of maintaining a safe and clean workplace?

Reduced distractions Signup and view all the answers

What does the employer's duty of care NOT include?

Providing free meals every day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is required under the employer's duty of care?

Providing communication channels for employee concerns Signup and view all the answers

What is one way employers can promote safety in the workplace?

Implementing incentive programs Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a requirement for employers to protect employees?

Allowing employees unlimited work hours Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following aspects is included in the general duties provided by the Act?

Promoting an occupational environment adapted to needs Signup and view all the answers

How many sections does the Act contain?

67 sections Signup and view all the answers

Who has a responsibility for creating risks in the workplace according to the Act?

Employers and designers Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main purposes of the Factories and Machinery Act (FMA) 1967?

To provide for the control of factories concerning safety, health, and welfare Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following machinery requires certification and inspection by DOSH?

Mobile cranes Signup and view all the answers

How many regulations under the FMA 1967 does DOSH enforce?

16 Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation deals with the safety of electric passenger and goods lifts?

Electric Passenger and Goods Lift Regulations, 1970 Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a part of the structure of the environmental regulation act?

Public Awareness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for enforcing environmental protection?

The Director General of Environmental Quality and the Minister for environmental protection Signup and view all the answers

The Noise Exposure Regulations were established in which year?

1989 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the environmental regulation act deals with the appeal process?

Part V: Appeal and Appeal Board Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factories and Machinery Act (FMA) 1967

The FMA 1967 (Act 139) aims to control factories concerning the safety, health, and welfare of individuals and includes machinery registration and inspection.
High-risk machinery, including boilers, unfired pressure vessels, and lifting equipment, requires certification and inspection by DOSH.
All factories and machinery must be registered with DOSH before installation and operation.
DOSH enforces 16 regulations under FMA 1967.

Environmental Quality Act 1974

Aims to prevent, abate, and control pollution and enhance the environment.
Divided into six parts: Preliminary, Administration, Licences, Prohibition and Control of Pollution, Appeal and Appeal Board, and Miscellaneous.
The Director General of Environmental Quality and the Minister responsible for environmental protection share responsibilities related to environmental protection.

History of Occupational Safety and Health in Malaysia

Occupational safety and health duties were first carried out in 1878 with the appointment of Mr. William Givan as Machinery Inspector.
Initially, focus was on the inspection of boilers used in tin mines.
Perak implemented an inspection system in the 1890s, licensing individuals to be Boiler Surveyors.
The first legal boiler enactment, the Selangor Boiler Enactment, was passed in 1892.
Perak followed with its own legislation in 1903.
In 1908, the Federated Malay States introduced their own legislation for boilers.
The Machinery Enactment of 1913 replaced previous boiler enactments, expanding the scope of inspection to include other machinery like internal combustion engines.
The Machinery Enactment of 1932 further consolidated the inspection and registration of installations, with inspectors under the Mines Department.
In 1952, the Machinery Branch separated from the Department of Mines and became the Machinery Department.
The Machinery Ordinance 1953 replaced previous enactments, expanding the focus of inspectors to include workers' safety in factories.
The Factories and Machinery Act 1967, passed in 1967 and enforced in 1970, replaced the Machinery Ordinance 1953 and expanded coverage to include all workers in factories, not just those working with machinery.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) extended occupational safety and health coverage to other industries, including those not covered by the Factories and Machinery Act 1967.

Importance of Safety in the Workplace

Prevents serious accidents causing injury, disability, illness, or death.
Increases productivity, reduces staff turnover, and promotes lower staff absence due to sickness.
Contributes to significant cost savings and good accident records.
Minimizes compensation costs related to accidents and losses.
Promotes a quality lifestyle, better work methods, and improved organizational performance.
Increases work motivation and enhances employee commitment and loyalty.

Employer's Duty of Care

Employers have a legal obligation to ensure the safety, health, and well-being of their employees.
This duty of care includes:
- Defining jobs clearly and undertaking risk assessments.
- Ensuring a safe working environment.
- Providing adequate training and feedback on performance.
- Establishing incentive programs to promote safety.
- Ensuring employees are not working excessive hours that may result in inadequate rest and recuperation.
- Providing sufficient rest and relaxation areas.
- Protecting employees from harassment or bullying from colleagues and third parties.
- Protecting employees from discrimination.
- Providing communication channels for employees to raise concerns.
- Consulting employees on issues that concern them.

Employer's Practical Measures

Employers should take practical measures to ensure:
- Workplace infrastructure and equipment are safe.
- Workers are instructed on the use of equipment and warned about risks.
- Workers are aware of any poisonous materials present in the workplace.

Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139)

Contains 67 sections divided into 15 parts and 3 schedules.
The first three parts outline the Act's objectives and provide the framework for appointing officers and the National Council.
Parts IV to VI outline general duties for those who create risks (e.g., employers, designers, manufacturers, suppliers) and those who work with risks (e.g., employees).

The Act's Objectives

To ensure the safety, health, and welfare of persons at work against risks arising from their activities.
To protect persons not at work from risks arising from the activities of those at work.
To promote a work environment adapted to the physiological and psychological needs of employees.

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Description

This quiz covers key legislations like the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and the Environmental Quality Act 1974 in Malaysia. It includes details on safety, health regulations, and pollution control. Test your knowledge of the structure and responsibilities outlined in these crucial environmental and occupational safety laws.