Podcast
Questions and Answers
To be economic, there should be no added cost like ______ the material.
To be economic, there should be no added cost like ______ the material.
machining
Lower operating cost means bigger ______.
Lower operating cost means bigger ______.
profit
When a compressive force is applied upon a body, ______ occurs.
When a compressive force is applied upon a body, ______ occurs.
buckling
For a good design, one must equate the ______ stress to the induced stress.
For a good design, one must equate the ______ stress to the induced stress.
Apply a suitable ______ of safety when designing machine elements.
Apply a suitable ______ of safety when designing machine elements.
Flexural stress, also known as ______ stress, is caused by bending moment.
Flexural stress, also known as ______ stress, is caused by bending moment.
The ______ ratio is the ratio of the length of the column and the radius of gyration of the cross-sectional area about a centroidal axis
The ______ ratio is the ratio of the length of the column and the radius of gyration of the cross-sectional area about a centroidal axis
The Euler Formula applies to a very slender column and the formula for frictionless ______ ends.
The Euler Formula applies to a very slender column and the formula for frictionless ______ ends.
[Blank] members are horizontal members made of different materials that carry loads and distribute them to their supports.
[Blank] members are horizontal members made of different materials that carry loads and distribute them to their supports.
In pure compression, the tendency of the force is to ______ the fibers making the body shorter.
In pure compression, the tendency of the force is to ______ the fibers making the body shorter.
Flashcards
Machine Design
Machine Design
The process of designing machines, focusing on handling load requirements and safe dimensions.
Strength Requirement
Strength Requirement
The ability of a machine design to withstand the loads it is designed for.
Economics in Machine Design
Economics in Machine Design
Selecting materials to minimize operating costs and maximize profit, utilizing standard sizes to prevent extra costs.
Sub-standard Material
Sub-standard Material
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Factor of Safety
Factor of Safety
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Induced Stress
Induced Stress
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Pure Compression
Pure Compression
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Slenderness Ratio
Slenderness Ratio
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Torsion
Torsion
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Flexural/Bending Stress
Flexural/Bending Stress
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Study Notes
- Machine design involves determining how to handle load requirements
- Safe dimensions for machine design include material type, thickness, length, and width
- Consider the end user (e.g., children, adults) when designing
Economics
- Use materials to minimize operating costs, as lower costs lead to greater profit
- Utilize standard or commercially available sizes
- Minimize additional costs like machining by choosing larger initial dimensions
Material Standards
- Substandard materials do not meet strength requirements
- It is important to know material properties
- Apply a suitable factor of safety, considering the kind of load, material type, and design basis
- Determine design stress and equate it to induced stress for a good design
- Induced stresses to consider are axial, shear, torsional shear, and flexural stresses
Tensile Loads
- Satisfaction of failure profiles (strength and deformation) can be assured by computing for the standard size and choosing the large diameter
Compressive Loads
- Pure compression occurs when a force compresses fibers, shortening a body
- Buckling happens when a compressive force is applied to a body
- Ductile materials tested in compression exhibit similar characteristics to those tested in tension, up to the yield strength
- Slenderness ratio is the ratio of the column's length to the radius of gyration of the cross-sectional area about its centroidal axis
Designing Against Buckling
- The Euler Formula applies to very slender columns with frictionless rounded ends, with consistant units
- Stress is not involved in very slender columns
- Failure is assured when F is less than Fcr (depends on the modulus of elasticity)
Torsion
- Torsion involves twisting a bar rigidly attached at one end by a twisting moment T
- Twisting moment T is equivalent to force (F) times distance (D), applied perpendicularly to the bar's axis
Bending
- Flexural or bending stress results from bending moment
- Flexural/bending stress equals all the elemental moment about the neutral axis
- Beams are horizontal load-bearing members that distribute loads to supports
- Bending is the primary mode of deflection when loads are perpendicular to the axis
- Types of beams include simply supported, overhanging (single and double), and cantilever beams
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