36 Questions
What are the three parts of the facial nerve?
- Motor part, 2. Sensory part, 3. Autonomic part
Which areas does the motor part of the facial nerve supply?
Muscles of facial expression, Platysma, Stylohyoid, Stapidus, Posterior belly of digastric muscle
What does the sensory part of the facial nerve convey?
Parasympathetic secretory fibers to submuxillary, sublingual, and lacrimal gland; test sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
How many branches supply the facial muscles with autonomic fibers?
Five branches: temperament, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical
What are the characteristics of a lesion in the facial nerve?
Motor weakness, paralysis, and specific distribution patterns based on the type of lesion (LMNL or UMNL)
What are the differences between upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL) and lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL) of the facial nerve?
UMNL affects the opposite side of the face with sparing of the upper quarter, while LMNL affects the same side of the face and leads to complete paralysis of the lower half of the face.
What is the characteristic feature of Bells palsy?
It is a peripheral facial paralysis of acute onset due to non-suppurative inflammation of the facial nerve within the stylomastoid foramen and peripheral to the geniculate ganglion.
What is the clinical picture of lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
The clinical picture includes pain behind the ear, stiffness and numbness of the face, rapid paralysis, inability of facial muscles to respond to stimuli, and impairment of taste over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side.
How can lower motor neuron affection be differentiated from upper motor neuron lesion?
Lower motor neuron affection can be differentiated from upper motor neuron lesion by observing the symmetry of the two sides of the face.
What are the causes of lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
The causes include vascular ischemia, autoimmune factors, infective factors, and rheumatic factors.
What is the physical evaluation process for lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
The physical evaluation involves observation in front of a large mirror, with the child sitting in front of the mirror and the therapist standing behind, or the infant being evaluated while sitting on their mother’s lap.
What are the symptoms of lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
The symptoms include pain behind the ear, stiffness and numbness of the face, rapid paralysis, inability of facial muscles to respond to stimuli, and impairment of taste over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side.
How does the onset of lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve typically occur?
The onset is characterized by pain behind the ear, which sometimes spreads over the mastoid process, followed by stiffness and numbness of the face, and then rapid paralysis.
What are the gender and age characteristics associated with lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
It can occur at any age from infancy to old age and affects both sexes.
How do the facial muscles respond in lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
The facial muscles of the involved side fail to respond to voluntary, emotional, or associative stimuli.
What may be impaired in lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
There may be impairment of taste over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side.
What are the informal and formal evaluations used for lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
The informal evaluation includes general and specific observations, while the formal evaluation involves tests for pain, reflexes, adhesion, and muscle strength.
What is the primary function of the motor part of the facial nerve?
Supplying muscles of facial expression
Which part of the brain does the facial nerve's origin, Area 6, belong to?
Frontal lobe
What is the characteristic feature of Bells palsy?
Peripheral facial paralysis of acute onset
Which muscles are supplied by the motor part of the facial nerve?
Platysma and posterior belly of digastric muscle
What type of lesion is characterized by paralysis distribution of the face on the opposite side of the lesion with sparing of the upper quarter of the face?
Upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL)
What are the functions of the sensory part of the facial nerve?
Conveying test sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
What type of paralysis affects only the lower half of the face?
Complete paralysis affecting muscles of lower half of face
Which part of facial nerve is unilaterally supplied from corticonuclear of opposite side?
-Lower part
(True/False) Facial nerve is a mixed nerve having only motor and autonomic fibers.
False
What is the most common age group affected by lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
Young adults
Which symptom is typically experienced after two days of lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
Numbness and stiffness of the face
Which evaluation method involves the child sitting in front of a large mirror?
Formal evaluation
What is the main clinical manifestation of lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
Facial asymmetry with one side drawn towards the sound
What differentiates lower motor neuron affection from upper motor neuron lesion based on observation?
Symmetry of both sides of the face during closure of the eyes
What is a possible cause for lower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve?
Exposure to air draft resulting in vasoconstriction of facial nerve blood vessels
What physical evaluation must be performed in front of a large mirror for children above six years and their therapist?
Muscle test
What is a characteristic feature of Bell's palsy?
Impairment of taste over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side
What is typically observed in individuals with lower motor neuron affection in terms of voluntary emotional or associative stimuli?
'Mouth draw towards the sound side' phenomenon
What type of vascular response may contribute to lower motor neuron lesion?
Exposure to air draft leading to vasoconstriction of facial nerve blood vessels
Test your knowledge on the motor, sensory, and autonomic functions of the facial nerve. Explore its origin in the frontal lobe, corticonuclear supply, and division into upper and lower parts.
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