Facial Muscles Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the muscles of facial expression with their primary function:

Orbicularis Oculi = Forceful eye closing Zygomaticus Major = Smiling Buccinator = Chewing Mentalis = Pouting

Match the cranial nerves with their corresponding muscle functions:

Facial Nerve (CN VII) = Motor function of facial expression Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) = Muscles of mastication Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) = Tongue movement Accessory Nerve (CN XI) = Shoulder movement

Match the muscles to their location:

Digastric = Suprahyoid muscle Sternohyoid = Infrahyoid muscle Masseter = Muscle of mastication Platysma = Superficial muscle of the neck

Match the muscle with its primary action:

Rectus Abdominis = Flexion of the lumbar region Temporalis = Elevation of mandible Sternocleidomastoid = Rotation of the neck Diaphragm = Inspiration (breathing in) Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle groups with their descriptions:

External Oblique = Muscle of the abdominal wall Scalenes = Muscle of the neck Serratus Anterior = Muscle of the anterior thorax Rhomboid Major = Muscle that stabilizes scapula Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscles of mastication with their primary function:

Masseter = Closing the jaw Temporalis = Elevating the mandible Medial Pterygoid = Protracting the mandible Lateral Pterygoid = Side to side movement of mandible Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscles crossing the shoulder joint to their actions:

Pectoralis Major = Adducts the arm Deltoid = Abducts the arm Latissimus Dorsi = Extends the arm Teres Major = Medially rotates the arm Signup and view all the answers

Match the abdominal muscles with their location:

Transversus Abdominis = Deep abdominal muscle Internal Oblique = Just deep to external oblique External Oblique = Superficial layer Rectus Abdominis = Vertical muscle along abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscles of tongue movement with their functions:

Genioglossus = Protracts the tongue Hyoglossus = Retracts the tongue Styloglossus = Elevates the tongue Sternohyoid = Depresses the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

Match the neck muscles with their origin points:

Sternocleidomastoid = Manubrium and clavicle Scalenes = Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Splenius = Spinous processes Semispinalis = Transverse processes Signup and view all the answers

Match the pelvic floor muscles with their functions:

Levator Ani = Supports pelvic organs Coccygeus = Supports pelvic organs Ischiocavernosus = Maintains erection Bulbospongiosus = Assists in urination Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscles with their primary actions in the trunk:

Quadratus Lumborum = Laterally flexes lumbar spine External Intercostals = Inspiration Internal Intercostals = Expiration Transversus Abdominis = Compresses abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Match the superficial muscles of the face with their locations:

Occipitofrontalis = Forehead region Orbicularis Oculi = Around the eyes Orbicularis Oris = Around the mouth Buccinator = Cheeks area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of Facial Expression

Superficial muscles of the face, head, and neck are responsible for facial expressions.
Some cultures interpret facial expressions differently, but some are universal across cultures.

Orbital Group of Facial Muscles

Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius)
- Single muscle with two bellies:
  - Occipital Belly: Located at the back of the head
  - Frontal Belly: Located at the forehead
  - Connected by the Epicranial Aponeurosis, a flat sheet of connective tissue
- Allows eyebrow elevation.
Corrugator Supercilli: Wrinkles the eyebrows.
Orbicularis Oculi:
- Circles the eye (ocular area).
- Allows forceful eye closure.

Oral Group of Facial Muscles

Zygomaticus Major: Larger of the two.
Zygomaticus Minor: Smaller of the two.
- They work together, connecting from the zygomatic arch to the corner of the mouth.
Risorius: Draws the corner of the mouth laterally.
Levator Labii Superioris: Elevates the upper lip.
Depressor Labii Inferioris: Depresses the lower lip.
Depressor Anguli Oris: Depresses the corner of the mouth.
Orbicularis Oris: Circles the mouth.
Mentalis: Elevates and protrudes the lower lip.
Buccinator: Compresses the cheek.
- Also known as the trumpeter muscle.
Platysma: Draws the lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly.

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Responsible for motor function of facial expression muscles.

Muscles of Mastication

Masseter: Most important muscle for closing the jaw.
Temporalis: Elevates the mandible, located over the temporal bone.
Medial and Lateral Pterygoids:
- Work together to protract the mandible.
- Pull the mandible side to side.

Mastication Muscle Innervation

Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

Muscles of Tongue Movement

Genioglossus: Protracts the tongue.
Hyoglossus: Retracts and depresses the tongue.
Styloglossus: Retracts the tongue.

Suprahyoid Muscles

Located above the hyoid bone.
All insert on the hyoid bone.
Digastric:
- Anterior belly originates on the mandible.
- Posterior belly originates on the mastoid process.
- Inserts on the hyoid bone.
Stylohyoid:
- Originates on the styloid process of the temporal bone.
- Inserts on the hyoid bone.
Mylohyoid:
- Originates on the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
- Inserts on the hyoid bone.

Infrahyoid Muscles

Located below the hyoid bone.
All insert on the hyoid or thyroid cartilage.
Sternohyoid:
- Originates on the manubrium of the sternum.
- Inserts on the hyoid bone.
Omohyoid:
- Originates on the superior surface of the scapula.
- Inserts on the hyoid bone.
Thyrohyoid:
- Originates on the thyroid cartilage.
- Inserts on the hyoid bone.
Sternothyroid:
- Originates on the manubrium of the sternum.
- Inserts on the thyroid cartilage.

Muscles of The Neck and Vertebral Column

Sternocleidomastoid:
- Originates on the manubrium and clavicle.
- Inserts on the mastoid process.
- Flexes, rotates, and laterally flexes the head.
Scalenes:
- Originate on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae.
- Insert on the first two ribs.
- Elevate the first two ribs and flex and rotate the neck.
Splenius:
- Extends and rotates the head.
Semispinalis:
- Three regions: capitis, cervicis, and thoracis.
- Extends and rotates the head and vertebral column.
Quadratus Lumborum:
- Originates on the iliac crest.
- Inserts on the transverse processes of the lowest ribs.
- Laterally flexes and extends the lumbar spine.

Diaphragm

The prime mover of inspiration (inhalation).

External Intercostals

Aid in inspiration.

Internal Intercostals

Aid in forceful expiration.

Muscles of Abdominal Wall

Rectus Abdominis:
- Originates on the pubic crest and symphysis.
- Inserts on the xiphoid process and cartilage of ribs 5-7.
- Surrounded by an aponeurosis called the rectus sheath.
- Flexes and rotates the lumbar region.
External Oblique:
- Flexes and rotates the vertebral column.
Internal Oblique:
- Sits just deep to the external oblique.
- Muscle angle runs opposite of the external oblique.
- Flexes and rotates the vertebral column.
Transversus Abdominis: Compresses the abdominal contents.

Muscles of The Pelvic Floor

Levator Ani: Supports pelvic organs.
Coccygeus: Supports pelvic organs.

Muscles of The Perineum

Ischiocavernosus: Helps maintain erection of the penis or clitoris.
Bulbospongiosus: Helps maintain erection of the penis or clitoris.

Muscles of The Upper Limbs

Muscle of The Anterior Thorax

Serratus Anterior:
- Protracts and superiorly rotates the scapula.
- Known as the "boxer's muscle."
Pectoralis Minor:
- Originates on the anterior surface of ribs 3-5.
- Inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula.
- Protracts and depresses the scapula; elevates ribs if scapula is fixed.
Subclavius: Helps stabilize and depress the pectoral girdle.
Levator Scapulae: Elevates and retracts the scapula.
Trapezius:
- Originates on the occipital bone and spinous processes of C7-T12.
- Inserts on the acromion, spine of the scapula, and lateral clavicle.
- Elevates, depresses, retracts, and superiorly rotates the scapula; helps extend the head.

Rhomboid Major and Minor

- Stabilize, retract, elevate, and inferiorly rotate the scapula.

Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Anterior

Pectoralis Major:
- Originates on the clavicle, sternum, and ribs 1-6.
- Inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus.
- Adducts and medially rotates the arm.
Deltoid:
- Originates on the clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine.
- Inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
- Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.
Coracobrachialis:
- Originates on the coracoid process of the scapula.
- Inserts on the medial humerus shaft.
- Flexes and adducts the arm.

Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Posterior

Teres Major: Extends, medially rotates, and adducts the arm.
Latissimus Dorsi:
- Originates on the spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs, inferior angle of the scapula.
- Inserts on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
- Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

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Description

This quiz explores the superficial muscles of the face, head, and neck that are vital for facial expressions. It covers the orbital and oral groups of facial muscles, their functions, and roles in different cultural interpretations. Test your understanding of the anatomy and purpose of these facial muscles.