Pathology of the eye

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Questions and Answers

List the ways that ocular tissue adapts to injury:

o Hypoplasia: o Aplasia: o Dysplasia:. o Dystrophy: o Atrophy: , o Hypertrophy: o Hyperplasia: o Metaplasia: o Necrosis: C. o Apoptosis: o Neoplasia:

Define the following terms, and give examples for each

  • Hypoplasia
  • Aplasia
  • Dysplasia:

  • Hypoplasia: Reduced cell proliferation due to inadequate cytokine stimulation, lack of progenitor cells, or other unknown processes. Common in subalbinotic animals and associated with conditions like Collie eye anomaly.
  • Aplasia: Complete lack of tissue development, leading to defects called colobomas.
  • Dysplasia: Atypical growth of developing tissue, resulting in abnormal cell shape and organization. Examples include retinal dysplasia.

What is the difference between DYSTROPHY and ATROPHY?

o Dystrophy: Abnormality due to faulty metabolism within mature cells, such as corneal dystrophy.

o Atrophy: Reduction in tissue mass after cells mature, caused by factors like ischemia, denervation, and ageing.

Define Hypertrophy and give an example?

<p>Increase in cell size and mass, often preceding hyperplasia. Example: RPE hypertrophy in response to retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the following terms:

  • Hyperplasia

  • Metaplasia

<ul> <li> <p>Hyperplasia: Increase in the number of cells due to various stressors. Common in tissues capable of mitotic replication, like retinal pigment and corneal epithelia.</p> </li> <li> <p>Metaplasia: Transformation of one mature tissue type into another, such as fibrous or osseous metaplasia in ocular tissues.</p> </li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

List the cells associated with inflammation and their role?

<ul> <li> <p>Neutrophils: Phagocytic cells with antimicrobial capacity, hallmark of acute inflammation.</p> </li> <li> <p>Lymphocytes: T-lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity) and B-lymphocytes (antibody production).</p> </li> <li> <p>Plasma Cells: Derived from B-lymphocytes, secrete antibodies.</p> </li> <li> <p>Eosinophils: Attracted by antibody-antigen complexes, modulate inflammation, and kill parasites.</p> </li> </ul> <p>-Mast Cells: Contain heparin, histamine, and serotonin, initiating hypersensitivity responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the Cells associated with inflammation and their role?

<p>o Neutrophils: Phagocytic cells with antimicrobial capacity, hallmark of acute inflammation. o Lymphocytes: T-lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity) and B-lymphocytes (antibody production). o Plasma Cells: Derived from B-lymphocytes, secrete antibodies. o Eosinophils: Attracted by antibody-antigen complexes, modulate inflammation, and kill parasites. o Mast Cells: Contain heparin, histamine, and serotonin, initiating hypersensitivity responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of embyrogenesis is the above pathology likely to occur?

<p>Gastrulation and neurulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The above image represents the failure of which embryological tissue to regress completely

<p>PPM - Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The photo is from a collie puppy, what mode of inheritance for the lesion pictured?

<p>Autosomal recessive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the normal structure A, and identify the pathology in B.

<p>A. Normal canine lacrimal gland. Note the acinar structure and occasional periacinar lymphocytes and plasma cells. (Original magnification 60.. Hematoxylin and eosin.) B. Lacrimal gland adenitis with neutrophil infiltration. (Original magnification 20.. Hematoxylin and eosin.)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gene responsible, and the mode of inheritance, for the above lesion in Great Pyrenees?

<p>BEST1, Autosomal recessive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the abnormalities and likely diagnosis. Hint 3 types of this disease

<p>Note the focal retinal detachment (RD) and retinal pigment epithelial detachments - 4-month-old Great Pyrenees dog with inherited multifocal retinopathy - BEST 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gene responsible for the above abnormality?

<p>ADAMTS17 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lesion does the asterisk represent, What other abnormalities are noted? What is the cause for this in dogs?

<p>Corneal straie (Haab's straie) Break in Descemet's and corneal vascularisation Glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant cell type in this slide?

<p>Equine eyelid sarcoid with prominent interlacing spindle cells and a storiform pattern - mesenchymal cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breed GRT, presented with bilateral conjunctival swelling What is the most likely diagnosis? Describe the major cell type seen.

<p>Conjunctival lymphosarcoma in a Golden Retriever that presented with bilateral conjunctival swelling. A diffuse lymphadenopathy was also present. B. Conjunctival biopsy of the lesions depicted in A revealed a homogeneous population of round cells with scant cytoplasm and anisokaryosis that are characteristic of lymphosarcoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the clinical findings

<p>Conjunctival papillomatosis in dog with pigmentary keratitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells seen here? Prognosis

<p>Large polyhedral cells with bland nuclei and abundant pale cytoplasm are characteristic of histiocytomas. Excellent with excision, may resolve on own</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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