30 Questions
What do children do after paying attention to models in the social learning theory?
Encode their behavior and may later imitate it
In Bandura's social learning theory, what does identification involve compared to imitation?
Adopting multiple behaviors
How does Bandura's concept of identification differ from Freud's concept of identification related to the Oedipus complex?
Allows identification with any other person
What does Gestalt psychology emphasize in terms of the relationship between figure and ground?
The whole is more than the sum of its parts
What is Gestalt psychology's concept where the whole configuration is more significant than individual components?
Gestalt
How does Gestalt psychology describe the relationship between figure and ground?
"The whole" is more than just adding up parts
According to Eysenck, what effect do extroverts have physiologically?
Less sensitivity to external stimulation
What did Eysenck suggest about introverts and conditioning?
Introverts are more susceptible to conditioning
According to Adorno's theory, what is a characteristic of individuals with authoritarian personality traits?
Rigid gender roles
Why did Adorno and his colleagues conduct a study after World War II?
To identify factors contributing to prejudice
What conclusion did Adorno draw regarding authoritarianism?
'Authoritarianism is a result of repressed aggression.'
In what way did Eysenck differentiate introverts and extroverts in terms of external stimulation?
Extroverts need less external stimulation than introverts.
According to social learning theory, how do people learn and adapt their behavior?
Based on rewards and punishments received, especially during childhood
What is the theory of learned helplessness based on?
Observations of rats in a laboratory setting
Individuals who grew up in environments where they were consistently treated poorly may become __ according to the theory of learned helplessness.
"Eternal victims"
How does Rotter's locus of control theory explain the way adults perceive events in their lives?
Influenced by childhood learning experiences
Individuals with an internal locus of control tend to believe that their successes are due to __.
Their own hard work and diligence
What may lead individuals with learned helplessness to feel?
Incapable of achieving life's rewards
What is culture defined as in the text?
Beliefs, customs, habits, and language shared by people in a specific time and place
According to William McDougall, what did he believe should be the rightful domain of study in social psychology?
The springs of human action and motives sustaining mental and bodily activity
What concept did William James introduce to describe the continuous coexistence of thoughts, emotions, and ideas in a person's mind?
Stream of consciousness
What was central to William McDougall's theorizing?
The primacy of instinct
Which term does William James use to refer to the elements in the stream of consciousness that are immanent and outside of awareness?
Transitivity
What did William James criticize in early general psychology?
Introspectionism
What is the configural model in impression formation?
A theory that emphasizes the most significant qualities overshadowing the rest
How do Primacy and Recency effects influence impression formation?
Positive traits at the beginning lead to a more favorable impression
What happens if any negative information is given about a person during impression formation?
It tends to have a disproportionate effect, turning a good impression into a bad one
What is the general view of information processing models about people's thinking?
Limited capacity in processing information
What is the impact of forming a negative impression according to the text?
A negative impression tends to persist once formed
How did experimental research mentioned in the text show people's tendency in forming impressions?
People form positive impressions unless given specific negative information
Learn about Eysenck's theory of extroversion and introversion, which suggests that extroverts require greater external stimulation to reach optimal arousal, while introverts are highly sensitive and require less stimulation. Explore how introverts may be more susceptible to conditioning and punishment.
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