Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the major risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?
What is the major risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?
- Family history of glaucoma
- IOP greater than 21 mm Hg (correct)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Age over 50 years
Which medication class is NOT specified for treating POAG?
Which medication class is NOT specified for treating POAG?
- Prostaglandin analogs
- Beta adrenergic blockers
- Calcium channel blockers (correct)
- Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists
What condition can lead to irreversible blindness within 1 to 2 days if not treated?
What condition can lead to irreversible blindness within 1 to 2 days if not treated?
- Chronic open-angle glaucoma
- Optic neuritis
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma (correct)
- Diabetic retinopathy
Which symptom is NOT typical of angle-closure glaucoma?
Which symptom is NOT typical of angle-closure glaucoma?
Which of the following systemic effects is associated with beta adrenergic blockers?
Which of the following systemic effects is associated with beta adrenergic blockers?
What should a patient taking beta1 blockers be monitored for?
What should a patient taking beta1 blockers be monitored for?
What is a precaution regarding the use of beta2 blockers?
What is a precaution regarding the use of beta2 blockers?
What is the primary goal of treatment for patients with POAG?
What is the primary goal of treatment for patients with POAG?
What is a significant contraindication related to medications in this class?
What is a significant contraindication related to medications in this class?
What is the expected pharmacological action of osmotic agents?
What is the expected pharmacological action of osmotic agents?
What adverse effect should a nurse monitor for in clients using osmotic agents?
What adverse effect should a nurse monitor for in clients using osmotic agents?
Which serious complication is associated with osmotic agents that requires client education for recognition?
Which serious complication is associated with osmotic agents that requires client education for recognition?
Which of the following is a nursing action related to gastrointestinal effects of osmotic agents?
Which of the following is a nursing action related to gastrointestinal effects of osmotic agents?
Which condition could lead to complications when using osmotic agents?
Which condition could lead to complications when using osmotic agents?
What should clients be educated to monitor for while using osmotic agents?
What should clients be educated to monitor for while using osmotic agents?
What type of allergic reaction should clients be aware of when using osmotic agents?
What type of allergic reaction should clients be aware of when using osmotic agents?
What should clients with sinus bradycardia avoid when prescribed medication?
What should clients with sinus bradycardia avoid when prescribed medication?
What should diabetic clients do when taking beta blockers?
What should diabetic clients do when taking beta blockers?
How should brimonidine be administered to clients who wear soft contact lenses?
How should brimonidine be administered to clients who wear soft contact lenses?
What is a significant side effect of oral beta blockers and calcium channel blockers?
What is a significant side effect of oral beta blockers and calcium channel blockers?
What is brimonidine's pregnancy risk category?
What is brimonidine's pregnancy risk category?
What precaution should be taken after administering brimonidine eye drops?
What precaution should be taken after administering brimonidine eye drops?
Which combination medication is classified as Pregnancy Risk Category C?
Which combination medication is classified as Pregnancy Risk Category C?
What is the proper technique for instilling eye drops?
What is the proper technique for instilling eye drops?
What is a potential central nervous system disturbance that may occur with the medication mentioned?
What is a potential central nervous system disturbance that may occur with the medication mentioned?
Which symptom should a diabetic client monitor for while on this medication?
Which symptom should a diabetic client monitor for while on this medication?
What is the purpose of the prototype medication Pilocarpine?
What is the purpose of the prototype medication Pilocarpine?
What should clients report if they experience symptoms while on this medication?
What should clients report if they experience symptoms while on this medication?
What is a contraindication for using the mentioned medication during pregnancy?
What is a contraindication for using the mentioned medication during pregnancy?
Which of the following may indicate ineffective medication if blood glucose levels remain unstable?
Which of the following may indicate ineffective medication if blood glucose levels remain unstable?
What systemic effect should clients aim to prevent while using this medication?
What systemic effect should clients aim to prevent while using this medication?
Which of the following is an indication that the dosage of Acetazolamide might need to be adjusted?
Which of the following is an indication that the dosage of Acetazolamide might need to be adjusted?
What is the primary goal of treatment for viral infections?
What is the primary goal of treatment for viral infections?
Which action should be taken before administering penicillin?
Which action should be taken before administering penicillin?
In children over age 2 with suspected bacterial infections, what is the recommended observation period?
In children over age 2 with suspected bacterial infections, what is the recommended observation period?
What can reduce the incidence of acute otitis media in infants and children?
What can reduce the incidence of acute otitis media in infants and children?
What is a common cause of otitis externa?
What is a common cause of otitis externa?
Which of the following medications is commonly used for pain relief in children with infections?
Which of the following medications is commonly used for pain relief in children with infections?
What should be reported to the provider when treating a child with antibiotics?
What should be reported to the provider when treating a child with antibiotics?
What is a potential complication of using penicillin?
What is a potential complication of using penicillin?
What pharmacological action does ciprofloxacin have?
What pharmacological action does ciprofloxacin have?
Which symptom should a client report to the provider when taking ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone?
Which symptom should a client report to the provider when taking ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone?
What is a desirable outcome of using ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone for otitis externa?
What is a desirable outcome of using ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone for otitis externa?
Which nursing action is necessary prior to administering ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone?
Which nursing action is necessary prior to administering ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone?
What is a common complication associated with ciprofloxacin use?
What is a common complication associated with ciprofloxacin use?
What might indicate the effectiveness of treatment with ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone?
What might indicate the effectiveness of treatment with ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone?
Which action should a client take to help prevent otitis externa?
Which action should a client take to help prevent otitis externa?
What is a possible side effect of hydrocortisone when used topically?
What is a possible side effect of hydrocortisone when used topically?
Flashcards
Elevated IOP
Elevated IOP
Intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21mm Hg
POAG Risk Factor
POAG Risk Factor
High IOP is a significant risk factor for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
POAG Treatment
POAG Treatment
POAG is treated with medications to lower IOP, including beta-blockers, alpha-agonists, prostaglandin analogs, and cholinergic agonists.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
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Angle-Closure Symptoms
Angle-Closure Symptoms
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Angle-Closure Treatment
Angle-Closure Treatment
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Angle-closure glaucoma treatment
Angle-closure glaucoma treatment
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Beta-blocker Contraindications
Beta-blocker Contraindications
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Beta-blocker Side Effects
Beta-blocker Side Effects
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Brimonidine use
Brimonidine use
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Beta blocker precautions
Beta blocker precautions
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Contact lens and brimonidine
Contact lens and brimonidine
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Post-instillation pressure
Post-instillation pressure
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Brimonidine blood-brain barrier
Brimonidine blood-brain barrier
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Beta blockers and insulin
Beta blockers and insulin
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Reddened sclera cause
Reddened sclera cause
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Pregnancy Risk of Osmotic Agents
Pregnancy Risk of Osmotic Agents
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Glaucoma Treatment
Glaucoma Treatment
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Osmotic Action
Osmotic Action
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Mannitol
Mannitol
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Allergy Alert - Sulfonamides
Allergy Alert - Sulfonamides
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Adverse Effects - GI
Adverse Effects - GI
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Electrolyte Imbalance
Electrolyte Imbalance
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Monitor for Adverse Effects
Monitor for Adverse Effects
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Acetazolamide use in eyes
Acetazolamide use in eyes
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Client Education (Diabetes)
Client Education (Diabetes)
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Possible Reactions
Possible Reactions
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Medication Discontinuation
Medication Discontinuation
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Glaucoma Medication Interactions
Glaucoma Medication Interactions
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Kidney Stone Reporting
Kidney Stone Reporting
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Pregnancy risk of glaucoma medication
Pregnancy risk of glaucoma medication
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Viral Infection Treatment
Viral Infection Treatment
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Bacterial Infection Treatment
Bacterial Infection Treatment
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Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic Resistance
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Otitis Media (Ear Infection) Treatment
Otitis Media (Ear Infection) Treatment
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Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear) Cause
Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear) Cause
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Otitis Externa Symptoms
Otitis Externa Symptoms
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Otitis Media Prevention
Otitis Media Prevention
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Penicillin Allergy
Penicillin Allergy
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Ciprofloxacin/Hydrocortisone Action
Ciprofloxacin/Hydrocortisone Action
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Otitis Externa Treatment
Otitis Externa Treatment
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CNS Effects
CNS Effects
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Rash
Rash
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Steroid Allergy
Steroid Allergy
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Fluoroquinolone Allergy
Fluoroquinolone Allergy
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Preventing Otitis Externa
Preventing Otitis Externa
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Report Side Effects
Report Side Effects
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Study Notes
Eye Disorders
- Glaucoma is a frequent cause of blindness, resulting from the buildup of aqueous humor.
- Damage to the optic nerve occurs when aqueous humor doesn't exit the anterior chamber.
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) increases, leading to vision loss.
- Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type, characterized by gradual peripheral vision loss.
- Clients often don't experience symptoms until significant optic nerve damage has occurred.
- Symptoms may include halos around lights, loss of peripheral vision, and headaches.
- Normal IOP ranges from 10 to 21 mm Hg; anything above 21 mm Hg is a major risk factor for POAG.
- Treatment typically involves medication therapy to reduce IOP.
- Surgical intervention may be needed if medication is ineffective.
- POAG treatment often includes beta-adrenergic blockers, alpha2-adrenergic agonists, prostaglandin analogs, cholinergic agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
- Angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma is an acute type, requiring immediate treatment.
- Characterized by sudden onset of ocular pain, halos around lights, brow pain, nausea, blurred vision, and photophobia.
- Rapid treatment with IOP-reducing medications is critical, followed by corrective surgery.
- Osmotic agents are initial medications for this type of glaucoma.
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
- Beta blockers decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production.
- Primarily used for treating POAG topically.
- Can be combined with other topical medications to further lower IOP.
- Occasionally used to treat acute closed-angle glaucoma in emergencies.
- Potential side effects include temporary stinging discomfort, occasional conjunctivitis, blurred vision, photophobia, and dry eyes.
- Client education involves reporting these effects to the healthcare provider.
- Systemic effects of beta-blockade can include bradycardia, bronchospasms, heart block, and hypotension.
- Client education focuses on avoiding excessive dosing to prevent these systemic effects and monitoring heart rate.
- Contraindicated in clients with severe chronic respiratory diseases as it can constrict airways, increasing risk of bronchospasms.
- Caution should be used in clients with sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) heart block and for clients with heart failure.
Interactions
- Oral beta blockers may interact with calcium channel blockers by increasing cardiovascular and respiratory effects.
- Beta blockers may interfere with insulin's effects; clients with diabetes should monitor blood glucose levels closely.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of glaucoma, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Understand the differences between primary open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma, as well as the significance of intraocular pressure levels. Test your knowledge on the management of this common eye disorder.
